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为什么边境会加剧气候变化(上)

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It was 10 pm when he got the call.

他接到电话的时候是晚上10点。

Jorge and his seven-year-old son would, according to the reporting by Abrahm Lustgarten in New York Times Magazine, put their lives into the hands of a coyote to guide them from their hometown of Alta Verapaz in Guatemala across several borders to the doorstep of the United States.

根据《纽约时报》杂志的报道,豪尔赫和他7岁的儿子将把自己的生命交到一只土狼手中,由土狼引导他们从危地马拉上维拉帕斯跨越边界,来到美国。

Lustgarten goes on to write that Jorge wasn't leaving his whole world behind on a whim.

卢斯加登接着写道,豪尔赫并不是一时兴起放弃一切。

He was a relatively successful farmer until five years of drought followed by torrential rains and floods exacerbated by climate change meant that harvest after harvest lay dead or drowned in his fields.

他是一个相对成功的农民,不幸的是五年的干旱,以及因气候变化而加剧的暴雨和洪水,导致一个又一个的收成在他的田地里死亡或被淹没。

Jorge is one of millions forced to make impossible choices because of the climate crisis.

豪尔赫是数百万因气候危机而被迫做出艰难选择的人之一。

He could either stay in Alta Verapaz and try to survive under untenable conditions or upend his entire life to hopefully find prospects in a foreign land.

他要么留在上韦拉帕斯,试图在无法维持的条件下生存,要么改变他的整个生活,在异国他乡找到前景。

As the climate crisis continues to grow worse, more and more people will be forced into these kinds of decisions.

随着气候危机的持续恶化,越来越多的人将被迫做出这样的决定。

The world is facing a growing population of people displaced by climate chaos, and as we will soon see, countries in the imperial core are actively shoring up their walls to keep climate refugees out.

世界上有越来越多因气候混乱而流离失所的人,而且我们很快就会看到,帝国核心区的国家正在加固他们的大门以阻止气候难民进入。

Over the course of the next 80 years the world will increasingly be on the move.

在未来的80年里,世界将越来越多地处于流动状态。

Whether due to distinct climate-change-linked-disasters like hurricanes or through longer term events like drought and sea level rise, a changing climate will displace an estimated 200-300 million people globally by 2100.

无论是由于飓风等与气候变化相关的独特灾害,还是通过干旱和海平面上升等长期事件,不断变化的气候将在2100年前使全球约2到3亿人流离失所。

Of those 200-300 million climate refugees, 80% are people displaced internally within their countries, while the other 20% are projected to move from their home countries to those in the imperial core.

在这2到3亿气候难民中,80%是在其国内流离失所的人,而另外20%预计将从他们的祖国转移到帝国核心区的国家。

Indeed, a comprehensive report by the World Bank Group found that by 2050, climate change will displace 143 million people internally in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America combined.

事实上,世界银行集团的一份综合报告发现,到2050年,气候变化将使撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚和拉丁美洲的1.43亿人在国内流离失所。

And just within the last decade, "weather-related events triggered an estimated 23.1 million displacements of people on average each year" according to the World Meteorological Organization.

而就在过去十年中,根据世界气象组织,“与天气有关的事件平均每年引发23.1百万人的流离失所”。

With hotter global temperatures comes droughts making previously arable land unfarmable, sea-level rise drowning coastal towns, and extreme weather events forcing people to move from rural to urban areas in search of jobs and safer housing.

随着全球气温的升高,干旱使以前的可耕地无法耕种,海平面上升淹没了沿海城镇,极端天气事件迫使人们从农村迁往城市地区寻找工作和更安全的住房。

But cities aren't equipped politically or infrastructurally for the influx of people displaced within borders.

但城市在政治上和基础设施上并不具备应对境内流离失所者涌入的条件。

Internal displacement has already given rise to sprawling makeshift cities on the outskirts of urban centers.

境内流离失所已经在城市中心的郊区产生了无序的临时城市。

Lacking governmental support and accessible public housing, refugees and those looking for work are forced to dwell in informal settlements under harsh conditions.

由于缺乏政府支持和方便的公共住房,难民和那些寻找工作的人被迫在恶劣的条件下居住在非正式的定居点。

Conditions which breed resentment towards local governments.

这些条件滋生了对地方政府的怨恨。

We're already witnessing these cracks climate change displacement is causing.

我们已经看到了这些气候变化造成的流离失所的裂痕。

Like the severe drought made more likely by climate change that drove rural farmers into cities sparking uprisings and civil wars called the Arab Spring.

比如因气候变化而更有可能发生的严重干旱,在所谓的 "阿拉伯之春 "中驱使农村农民进入城市引发起义和内战。

A series of conflicts that forced millions across international borders.

一系列的冲突迫使数百万人跨越国际边界。

So the movement of millions of people within countries can add fuel to an already roaring fire, often sparking conflicts and in turn forcing many to leave their home country in search of less climate and conflict-wracked homes.

国家内部数以百万计的人的流动会给已经是火上浇油,它往往会引发冲突,反过来迫使许多人离开祖国,去寻找不受气候和冲突破坏的家园。

But as we've seen recently with rhetoric surrounding refugees, movement across borders is not simple.

但是,正如我们最近看到的围绕难民的言论,跨越边界的行动并不简单。

Refugees are often met with hatred or are turned away, usually through force.

难民们常常遭到仇恨,或者被拒之门外,通常是通过武力阻拦难民。

Indeed, with the growing chaos of climate change, countries in the imperial core seem more focused on building walls than lending a hand.

事实上,随着气候变化的日益混乱,帝国核心区的国家似乎更专注于建造围墙而不是伸出援手。

When Jorge reached the US border he was met with a literal wall.

当豪尔赫到达美国边境时,他遇到的是一堵字面上的墙。

To search for a way to live and support his wife and the rest of his family back home, Jorge had to scale that 20-foot steel barrier with his son and drop down on the other side.

为了寻找生活方式,支持他的妻子和其他家人回家,豪尔赫不得不带着他的儿子翻越20英尺的钢铁屏障,并从另一侧跳下来。

The border wall Jorge was forced to scale epitomizes the imperial core's approach to the growing number of people displaced by climate change.

豪尔赫不得不翻越的边境墙是帝国核心对越来越多因气候变化而流离失所的人的态度的缩影。

Rich countries spew fossil fuel emissions into the atmosphere with impunity while those in the imperial periphery suffer the brunt of the consequences.

富裕国家将化石燃料排放到大气中而不受惩罚,而那些处于帝国外围的国家却首当其冲地承受着后果。

And, when people in the periphery hit hardest by climate chaos seek asylum in the core, they are met with walls and militarized borders.

而且,当受气候混乱打击最严重的外围地区的人们在核心地区寻求庇护时,他们遇到的是墙壁和军事化的边界。

Borders that one paper finds are exacerbating already dire situations for refugees.

一篇论文发现,这些边界对难民来说无疑是雪上加霜。

To make matters worse, countries in the imperial core responsible for the bulk of historical emissions only seem to be strengthening their borders.

更糟糕的是,历史上的大部分排放的帝国核心国家似乎只是在加强它们的边界。

A report by the Transnational Institute found that seven of the largest historical emitters, responsible for 48% of the world's emissions, increased their border security spending by 29% from 2013 to 2018.

跨国研究所的一份报告发现,七个最大的历史排放国,造成世界上48%的排放,从2013年到2018年,其边境安全支出增加了29%。

In particular, In Europe, the budget for the European Union border agency, Frontex, has increased by a whopping 2763% since its founding in 2006.

特别是,在欧洲,欧盟边境机构Frontex的预算自2006年成立以来,增加了高达2763%。

While the United States has tripled their border and immigration enforcement budget since 2003.

而美国自2003年以来,其边境和移民执法预算增加了两倍。

The imperial core is hardening their walls in a time when they need to be tearing them down and sending climate reparations to the periphery.

帝国核心此时需要拆毁这些围墙,并向周边国家发送气候补偿金,但是他们却正在加固他们的围墙。

Those seven countries responsible for 48% of historical emissions spent double the amount on borders than they did on climate finance from 2013 to 2018.

从2013年到2018年,这七个造成历史上48%的排放的国家在边境上的花费是他们在气候融资上的两倍。

And to add insult to injury, the amount that the imperial core has paid to the imperial periphery, some $34 billion according to OxFam, is a meager sum.

雪上加霜的是,帝国核心向帝国外围支付的金额,根据OxFam的数据,约为340亿美元,是一个微不足道的数字。

The Transnational Institute and indeed Bolivia argue that just climate payments, ones that would actually repair the damage caused by the imperial core, would have to be somewhere in the range of $3 trillion per year or roughly 6% of the core's GDP.

跨国研究所和玻利维亚认为,仅仅是气候付款,真正能够修复帝国核心所造成的损害,每年就必须在3万亿美元左右,或者大约占核心GDP的6%。

Essentially, the actions of these countries seem to show that they are much more interested in keeping people out than actually helping the countries they've preyed on for centuries to adapt and mitigate the climate change they've caused.

从本质上讲,这些国家的行动似乎表明,他们对把人拒之门外的兴趣远远大于实际帮助他们几个世纪以来所掠夺的国家适应和缓解他们所造成的气候变化。

This border escalation and lack of climate reparations seems very much like the beginnings of eco-fascist lifeboat ethics which claims that in times of environmental chaos is not only ethical but in the best interests of rich countries to deny those in the periphery access to needed resources in order to survive.

这种边界升级和缺乏气候赔偿的做法似乎非常像生态法西斯主义救生艇伦理的开端,该伦理声称,在环境混乱时期,拒绝让边缘国家的人获得所需资源以生存,是符合道德和最佳利益的。

But this border escalation in the US and other core countries isn't just some coincidence, in fact, the ties between contractors who patrol borders and the fossil fuel companies are a lot closer than you might think.

但是,美国和其他核心国家的这种边境升级并不只是一些巧合,事实上,巡逻边境的承包商与化石燃料公司之间的联系比你想象的要密切得多。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
projected [prə'dʒektid]

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adj. 投影的,投射 v. 投射(project的过去

 
informal [in'fɔ:məl]

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adj. 非正式的,不拘形式的

 
movement ['mu:vmənt]

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n. 活动,运动,移动,[音]乐章

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untenable ['ʌn'tenəbl]

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adj. 不能防守的,不能维持的,支持不住的

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displace [dis'pleis]

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v. 移置,替换

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budget ['bʌdʒit]

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n. 预算
vt. 编预算,为 ... 做预算

 
harsh [hɑ:ʃ]

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adj. 粗糙的,使人不舒服的,刺耳的,严厉的,大约的

 
distinct [dis'tiŋkt]

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adj. 独特的,不同的,明显的,清楚的

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rhetoric ['retərik]

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n. 修辞,华丽虚饰的语言,修辞学

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mitigate ['miti.geit]

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vt. 镇静,缓和,减轻

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