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Right now, we're living in a society in which 'Collective Illusions' may be the defining feature.
眼下，我们生活在一个以“集体幻觉”为特征的社会。
Simply put, Collective Illusions are situations where most people in a group go along with a view they don't agree with because they incorrectly believe that most people agree with it.
简单地说，集体幻觉是指群体中的大多数人会认同自己不认同的观点，仅仅因为他们错误地以为群体中的大多数人都认同这个观点。
It's not just that we're misreading a few people, it is that the majority thinks the majority believes something that they don't.
这不仅仅是因为我们误解了一些人，而是大多数人认为大多数人相信他们不相信的东西。
What's most interesting is that in all of our research, one of the largest illusions of all is actually about trust itself.
最有趣的是，在我们所有的研究中，最大的错觉之一实际上是关于信任本身。
No matter how we've asked it, the vast majority of Americans see themselves as trustworthy and value being trustworthy.
不管我们怎么问，绝大多数美国人都认为自己是可信的，也认为自己值得信赖。
However, they believe most everybody else in society today does not care about being trustworthy, and is not trustworthy.
然而，他们认为，当今社会中的大多数其他人都不关心自己是否可信，也并不值得信赖。
There is no bigger illusion in society today than the illusion of distrust itself.
当今社会没有比不信任本身更大的错觉了。
The biggest consequence of that is that we've stopped trusting each other, which is fatal to free society.
最大的后果是我们不再相互信任，这对自由社会是致命的。
Given the profound lack of trust in society today, we often look for the cause of that in each other.
鉴于当今社会严重缺乏信任，我们经常在彼此身上寻找这一现象的原因。
I don't believe that's true.
我不相信那是真的。
Frederick Taylor is probably the most important person that most people have never heard of.
弗雷德里克·泰勒可能是大多数人从未听说过的最重要的人。
Over 100 years ago, he wrote a book called "Scientific Management," which- they were about his ideas about how you create a productive economy.
100多年前，他写了一本名为《科学管理》的书，书中讲述了他关于如何创造高效经济的观点。
And he felt like the biggest problem in society was that we weren't very efficient.
他觉得社会上最大的问题是我们效率不高。
And so, "Scientific Management" literally said, 'Wait. The first thing you got to stop doing is trusting people.'
因此，《科学管理》说的就是，“等等，你要做的第一件事就是不要信任别人。”
He went about implementing a systems-first approach to a top-down society governed by managers.
他着手实施一种系统优先的方法，以实现一个由管理者管理的自上而下的社会。
In fact, he invented the term manager, and he made us all cogs, where the system matters most.
事实上，他创造了经理人这个术语，他把所有人都变成了齿轮，而这正是制度最重要的地方。
Because of the way our institutions treat us, by removing choice from us and fundamentally treating us as untrustworthy, we have come to see each other through that lens.
我们的制度用它的方式对待我们，剥夺了我们的选择，并从根本上认为我们不值得信赖，我们也会戴着同样的有色眼镜来看待彼此。
But here's the thing-- when you actually study honesty and trustworthiness, what you find over and over again is that the vast majority of people are in fact trustworthy.
但是这样的--当你真正研究诚实和可信度时，会一次又一次地发现，绝大多数人实际上是值得信赖的。
One of my favorite studies-- it's a pretty famous German study.
我最喜欢的研究之一--是一项非常著名的德国研究。
Here's what they did: They literally just randomly called people and said that there was a contest going on, and all they needed to do was flip a coin themselves.
他们是这样做的：他们只是随机给人们打电话，说现在正在进行一场比赛，他们只需要自己抛个硬币就行。
And if it landed on tails, they got a gift certificate.
如果落下的是反面，他们就会得到一张礼券。
If it landed on heads, they got nothing.
如果落下的是正面，他们什么都得不到。
Now, what's important is nobody knows how the coin lands except for the person on the phone.
重要的是，除了接电话的人，没有人知道硬币落下的是哪一面。
So you would have expected everybody says tails, takes the gift certificate, and the aggregate results are like, well, it's 100% tails-- who would have thought, right?
你会以为所有人都会说反面，从而得到一张礼券，所以最终的结果就是，100%都是反面，真巧啊，对吧？
That's not what happened.
事实并非如此。
It was almost 50/50 heads or tails.
正面和反面几乎各占一半。
And in fact, it was slightly more in favor of heads, which tells me most people, if not all people, were telling the truth about how the coin landed when no one else could possibly have known.
事实上，说是正面的人还稍微多一些，这说明，在没有人知道的情况下，大多数人（如果不能说所有人）说的都是实话。
So it matters to us not just that we are trustworthy, but that we are viewed that way.
因此，对我们来说，重要的不仅是我们值得信赖，而且人们也要这样看我们。
And yet we live in a society where our institutions continue to remind us that this is not true, that we are in some way untrustworthy.
然而，我们所生活的这个社会，它的制度时刻在提醒我们并不是这样，我们或多或少都是不可信的。
We can only interact with each other in one of two ways.
我们只能在两种方式中选其一去跟他人互动。
We can trust people to make choices for themselves, or we can control those choices for them.
我们可以相信人们会为自己做出选择，或者我们可以控制他们的选择。
It is a fundamental tenet of democracy that institutions serve people.
制度为人民服务是民主的基本原则。
But ever since Frederick Taylor, we have flipped that relationship.
但自弗雷德里克·泰勒以后，我们就颠覆了这种关系。
As a free people in a free society, it is unacceptable that our public institutions treat the people as distrustful because now we know that whatever efficiency you get from that top-down control model,
作为自由社会中的自由人，我们无法接受公共机构将人民视为不值得信任，因为我们知道，无论你从这种自上而下的控制模式中得到什么效率，
the consequences in terms of human dignity and social trust are so damaging that that trade-off is not worth it.
对人类尊严和社会信任来说，这种交易所产生的后果是不值得的。
What we need is to trust communities to make decisions for themselves, trust families to make decisions for themselves, trust people to.
我们要相信社区能为自己做决定，相信家庭能为自己做决定，相信人们。
If you want a trusting society, work to dislodge this top-down view of our institutions and give more power to people.
如果你想生活在一个信任的社会里，就努力摒弃制度这种自上而下的看法，并赋予人们更多权力。
Insist that our institutions treat the public with trust.
坚持让我们的制度信任公众。
