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When I first started looking into near-death experiences back in the late-1970s, I assumed that there would be some physiological explanation for that.
早在20世纪70年代末，当我第一次开始研究濒死体验时，我以为会找到一些生理上的解释。
What I found over the decades was that the various simple explanations we could think of like lack of oxygen, drugs given to the people and so forth, don't pan out- the data do not support them.
几十年来我发现，我们能想到的各种简单的解释，比如缺氧，给人们服用药物等等，都不成立--数据并不支持这些说法。
And furthermore, the phenomena of NDEs, of near-death experiences, seem to defy a simple, materialistic explanation.
此外，濒死体验似乎并不符合简单的唯物主义。
When we first started presenting this material in medical conferences, there would be a polite silence in the audience.
当我们第一次在医学会议上展示这些材料时，观众们会礼貌地保持沉默。
And now in the 21st century, when we do this, it's rare that doctors don't stand up in the audience and say, 'Let me share my experience with you.'
现在，在21世纪，当我们这样做的时候，医生们往往会站在观众席上说，‘我来跟你们分享一下我的经验。’
So it's pretty well accepted now that these are common experiences that people have all the time, and that have profound effects.
所以现在大家都很好地接受了这一点，因为这些都是人们一直都有的常见体验，而且影响深远。
There's still, of course, a lot of controversy about what causes them, but not about the fact that they exist, and are fairly common.
当然，这些现象的原因仍然有很多争议，但它们是真实存在并且相当常见，这一点并无争议。
I'm Bruce Greyson, I'm a professor emeritus of psychiatry and neurobehavioral sciences at the University of Virginia Medical School.
我是布鲁斯·格雷森，弗吉尼亚大学医学院精神病学和神经行为科学荣誉退休教授。
And I've recently come out with a book called "After: A Doctor Explores What Near Death Experiences Reveal About Life and Beyond."
我最近出版了一本书，名为《之后：一位医生探索濒死体验揭示了关于生命和未来的东西》。
Near-death experiences are profound subjective experiences that many people have when they come close to death or sometimes when they are in fact pronounced dead.
濒死体验是一种深刻的主观体验，很多人在濒临死亡或被宣布死亡时都会有这种体验。
And they include such difficult to explain phenomena as a sense of leaving the physical body, reviewing one's entire life, encountering some other entities that aren't physically present.
它们包括一些难以解释的现象，比如灵魂离开肉体的感觉，回顾一生，遇到一些其他不存在的实体。
And at some point coming to a point of no return beyond which they can't continue and still come back to life.
在某种程度上，人们会来到一个没有返程的临界点，到这里就不能再继续向前了，只有这样才能复活过来。
When they return they often are profoundly changed by this experience.
复活后，他们往往会因为这次经历而发生深刻的变化。
As I started my psychiatric training, I started being confronted by patients' reports of things that I couldn't explain.
当我开始我的精神病学培训时，我开始面对病人跟我说的一些我无法解释的事情。
One happened to me when I was just a few weeks into my training.
在我刚开始训练的几个星期的时候，发生了这样一件事。
I was asked to see a patient who had an overdose in the emergency room, and I was in the cafeteria when the page came in and I was eating dinner, and the page startled me and I dropped my fork, spilling spaghetti sauce on my tie.
我被派去看一位服药过量的急诊病人，助理来的时候，我正在自助餐厅吃晚饭，他吓了我一跳，我的叉子掉到地上，把意大利面酱溅在了领带上。
Couldn't wipe it off, so I just covered it over with a lab coat so no one would see it.
酱汁擦不掉，我就用一件实验服把它盖住，免得别人看见。
And then I went down to the emergency room to see the patient, and she was completely unconscious.
然后我去急诊室看病人，她完全昏迷了。
I could not revive her- but her roommate was waiting to see me down the hall in another room.
我叫不醒她--但她的室友正在走廊的另一个房间里等着见我。
So I went down to the other room, talked to the roommate for about 15 or 20 minutes, and there was no air conditioning back in the '70s, so I unbuttoned my lab coat, so I wouldn't sweat so much, exposing the stain for about 10 minutes or so.
所以我去了另一个房间，和室友聊了大约15到20分钟，在70年代，屋里没有空调，所以我解开了实验服，免得出太多汗，把污渍暴露出来了10分钟左右。
And then I went back to see the patient, she was still unconscious.
然后我回去看病人，她还在昏迷中。
When I went to see her in the morning, I introduced myself and she stopped me and said,
第二天早上去看她时，我做了自我介绍，她打断了我，说：
"I know who you are. I remember you from last night."
“我知道你是谁。我记得你，昨晚上见过。
That puzzled me, so I said something like, "Well, I'm surprised, I thought you were unconscious when I saw you last night."
这让我很困惑，我说：“我很惊讶，我昨晚看到你的时候还以为你昏迷了呢。”
And she looked at me and said, "Not in my room. I saw you talking to my roommate down the hall."
她看着我说：“不是在我的房间里。我看到你和我室友在走廊那头说话。”
She sensed my confusion, and started to tell me about the conversation I had with her roommate- where we were sitting, what we were talking about.
她察觉到了我的困惑，跟我说了我和她室友的对话--我们坐在哪里，我们在谈论什么。
And finally she said, "And you had a striped tie on with a red stain on it."
最后她说：“你系的是条纹领带，上面有个红色的污点。”
That just blew me away. I didn't know how to deal with that.
这让我大吃一惊。我不知道如何面对这件事。
I couldn't think of any logical reason, any explanation of how she could have known about that spaghetti stain.
我想不出任何合乎逻辑的理由，也想不出任何解释来解释她怎么会知道那个意大利面污渍。
Nobody had seen it except her roommate.
除了她的室友，没有人见过它。
And she hadn't talked to her roommate since she came into the hospital.
自从她进了医院，她就没有和她的室友说过话。
As a scientist, I knew I had to study this.
作为一名科学家，我知道我必须研究这一点。
It didn't make any sense to me, but scientists don't run away from things they don't understand.
我觉得完全讲不通，但科学家们不会逃避他们不理解的事情。
They run towards them.
他们会研究那些不理解的事情。
