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Near-death experiences are profound, subjective experiences that many people have when they come close to death or sometimes when they are, in fact, pronounced dead.
濒死体验是一种深刻的、主观的体验，许多人在濒临死亡时或有时被宣布死亡时都会有这种体验。
And they include such difficult to explain phenomena as: a sense of leaving the physical body, reviewing one's entire life, encountering some other entities that aren't physically present that they sometimes interpret as deities or deceased loved ones.
它们包括一些难以解释的现象，比如灵魂离开肉体的感觉，回顾一生，遇到一些其他不存在的实体，他们有时会将这些实体解读为神或已故的亲人。
And at some point coming to a point of no return beyond which they can't continue and still come back to life.
在某种程度上，人们会来到一个没有返程的临界点，到这里就不能再继续向前了，只有这样才能复活过来。
It's natural for people to think that near-death experiences are kind of like dreams or hallucinations.
自然而然，人们会认为濒死体验有点像梦境或幻觉。
No two people have the same type of hallucination.
不同的人一定不会有相同的幻觉。
Whereas near-death experiences are basically the same across people, across cultures, across centuries.
然而，不同的人、不同的文化、不同的年代，人们的濒死体验却大致相同。
I think if you look at what things typically cause hallucinations- metabolic changes, drugs, changes in oxygen level, brain injury, those things produce certain known effects: confusion, agitation, belligerence.
看一下通常会导致幻觉的东西--新陈代谢变化、药物、氧气水平的变化、脑损伤，这些东西会产生某些已知的影响：困惑、激动、好战。
They're very different from the typical calm, peaceful, consistent content of a near-death experience.
它们与典型的平静、平和、一致的濒死体验截然不同。
We've looked at specific things that may cause a hallucination.
我们已经研究了可能导致幻觉的特定事物。
It was thought that maybe lack of oxygen to the brain would have a role in near-death experiences, since no matter how you come close to death, lack of oxygen to the brain is one of the final, common pathways.
人们认为，大脑缺氧可能会在濒死体验中发挥作用，因为无论你是因何濒临死亡，大脑缺氧都是最终的、常见的途径之一。
But those who report near-death experiences actually have better oxygen flow to the brain than people who don't report NDEs.
但那些有过濒死体验的人，他们大脑中的氧气比没有濒死体验的人更好。
Likewise, we thought drugs given to people as they approach death may be causing these experiences.
同样，我们以为，在人们接近死亡时给他们服用的药物可能会导致这些感受。
And what we find again is that the more drugs people are given as they approach death, the less likely they are to report a near-death experience.
结果再次发现，在人们接近死亡时，给他们的药物越多，他们就更不可能经历濒死体验。
So drugs and lack of oxygen are not causing NDEs.
因此，药物和缺氧并不是导致濒死体验的原因。
They may in fact, repress having an NDE.
事实上，它们可能会抑制濒死体验。
You can look on a dream as just a random series of visions; a way of processing problems in your life, and finding solutions.
你可以把梦看作是一系列随机的幻觉；一种处理生活中的问题并找到解决方案的方式。
There are phenomenological differences, differences in the content between dreams and near-death experiences.
梦和濒死体验之间存在现象学上的差异，在内容上也有差异。
Near-death experiences often have accurate out of body perceptions, whereas dreams and hallucinations do not.
濒死体验通常有准确的体外感知，而梦和幻觉则没有。
And that to me is probably one of the best ways of distinguishing between a dream and a near-death experience.
我认为，这可能是区分梦境和濒死体验的最佳方式之一。
Is there any connection between dreams and near-death experiences?
梦境和濒死体验之间有什么联系吗？
The fact that both of those are processed by our brains ultimately says that there's got to be some similarities in how we describe them, how we understand them, how we relate them to other people.
事实是，这两者都是由我们的大脑处理的，这说明我们对它们的描述、理解和与其他人联系起来的方式肯定会有一些相似之处。
Many near-death experiencers report things that other people can't verify right away.
许多濒死体验者都说到了别人无法立即证实的事情。
So we assume that they were just imagination or fantasy, and yet they insist, "It's real. It's happened to me. I know it."
所以我们假设那些只是想象或幻想，但濒死体验者却坚持认为：“是真的。这件事就发生在我身上。我知道。”
Philosopher Abraham Kaplan talks about the story of a traveler who went to a distant land, and came back with a fantastic story about a beast who can travel for days and days and days without water.
哲学家亚伯拉罕·卡普兰讲述了一个旅行者的故事，他去了一个遥远的地方，回来后带回了一个关于一只野兽可以在没有水的情况下旅行好几天的奇妙故事。
And he tells this to his people in his town and they get together and say "We don't know if this can be real, but we're gonna get the wise men together and have a meeting and decide whether this beast can exist or not."
他把这件事告诉了镇上的人们，他们聚在一起说：“我们不知道这是不是真的，但我们会把智者聚集在一起，开个会，决定这只野兽是否还能存在。
And the traveler says, "What do you mean can exist? I saw it."
旅行者说：“你说能存在是什么意思？我看到它了。”
So it's like, if you were hit by a truck, and someone says you just imagined it.
这种感觉就像，如果你被一辆卡车撞了，有人说这只是你的想象。
You know whether you're hit by a truck or not.
你知道自己是否被卡车撞到了。
There's no doubt in your mind.
你是确定无疑的。
And that's the way near-death experiencers relate to their NDE.
这就是濒死体验者与他们的濒死体验之间的关系。
They feel like, 'There's no doubt in my mind, this is a real experience I had. More real than this world is.'
他们觉得，‘我确定无疑，这是我的真实经历。比这个世界还要真实。’
