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For decades, scientists have been trying to develop a flu vaccine that will protect us against unforeseen flu pandemics.
几十年来，科学家们一直在努力开发流感疫苗，保护我们免受新型流感的影响。
What they're proposing at the University of Pennsylvania now is a vaccine that could provide broad protection against all 20 different varieties of flu.
宾夕法尼亚大学推出了一种疫苗，可以针对所有20种不同的流感病毒提供广泛的保护。
Most of the vaccines protect against four different strains.
大多数疫苗可以预防四种不同的毒株。
The world experts have to guess in February what's going to be circulating six months later in the U.S. Sometimes they're wrong, and that's why in the mismatch years there's a lot more flu and a lot more people die.
世界级专家需要在2月份推测六个月后美国会流行什么病毒。有时他们的预测会出现错误，这就是为什么在流感与接种的疫苗不匹配的年份会出现更多流感病例，导致更多人死亡。
The goal of this vaccine is to provide us protection against a pandemic.
新疫苗的研制就是为了预防大流行。
So in 1918, there was a global flu pandemic.
1918年出现了一场全球性的流感。
Tens of millions of people died, and there was no way to protect against it because nobody could have foreseen it coming.
数以千万计的人因此死亡，但由于没有人能预见这种流感的发生，也就没有办法进行预防。
So the idea of this vaccine is to give us all a baseline of some protection against all 20 different varieties of the flu.
新型疫苗旨在让我们所有人对病毒的抵抗力达到一个基线水平，抵御所有20种不同的流感病毒。
And that way when we see a flu type, it won't affect us as badly.
这样，新的流感再次发生时，对我们的影响就不会那么严重。
It's been really hard to develop a vaccine that protects against many, many different flu strains, in part because the flu virus mutates so much, there's very little of it that stays consistent across these different strains.
开发针对许多不同流感病毒株的疫苗很困难，部分原因是流感病毒变异太多，在这些不同的病毒株中几乎没有相同的部分。
And so targeting one aspect of a flu virus that stays consistent hasn't been feasible.
因此，无法针对不同流感病毒中相同的某些部分研制疫苗。
In this case, what they're doing is the kitchen sink, as the researcher told me.
在这种情况下，正如研究人员告诉我的那样，他们在做的就像厨房的水槽。
They're using an mRNA platform like we used with the COVID vaccines, and they can stuff a lot more into a single shot and protect us, theoretically anyway, against these 20 different varieties.
研究人员使用的信使RNA技术和冠状病毒疫苗中使用的一样，可以靠一次注射抵御更多病毒，从理论上讲，可以保护我们免受20种不同病毒的侵害。
They're finishing up testing now on animals, and then they'll move into people early next year hopefully.
研究人员现在已经动物身上完成了测试，有望在明年初开始人体试验。
So it's still a ways away.
所以还有很长一段路要走。
The other big challenge is that regulators have never seen a vaccine like this that could be so broadly protective.
另一大挑战是，监管机构从未见过像这样具有如此广泛保护作用的疫苗。
And so trying to figure out how to regulate this, what makes it okay to to approve is going to be a challenge.
因此，要解决监管问题，确定批准使用这种疫苗的原因是具有挑战性的。
It's definitely going to be years, but it's on the horizon, which is nice to know.
这肯定需要几年的时间来完善，但成功已经近在咫尺，这是个很好的消息。
