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The company’s business model appeared to depend on maximising rent and fees while reducing the cost of maintenance.
该公司(Invitation Homes)的商业模式似乎依赖于最大限度提高租金和费用，同时降低维护成本。
In this dispassionate equation, tenants seemed to be the ones who lost out.
在这个冷漠无情的等式中，租户似乎是输的一方。
Some complained of black widow spider infestations, floods of raw sewage and plumbing leaks.
一些租户投诉黑寡妇蜘蛛侵扰、污水泛滥以及管道泄漏。
Despite this, the federal government gave Blackstone’s business model a seal of approval.
尽管如此，联邦政府还是批准了黑石集团的商业模式。
In 2017, Fannie Mae, a government-sponsored mortgage lender, even acted as the guarantor for a $1bn loan made to Invitation Homes.
2017年，房利美(政府资助的抵押贷款机构)甚至为Invitation Homes一笔10亿美元的贷款提供了担保。
Blackstone told me any negative reports were a “mischaracterization of the facts”.
黑石集团告诉我，任何负面报道都是“对事实的不实描述”。
The company had previously responded to reports of tenants’ complaints by noting that it spent an average of $25,000 renovating each home, that it was helping address a national shortage of rental accommodation, and that it scored highly in tenant satisfaction surveys.
该公司此前回应了关于租户投诉的报告，指出他们平均为每套房屋翻新花费2.5万美元，他们正在帮助解决全国租房短缺的问题，而且他们在租户满意度调查中得分很高。
It also said that Invitation Homes only owned 0.1% of single-family homes across the US.
该公司还表示，Invitation Homes在美国各地只拥有0.1%的单户住宅。
Even so, the company was the largest owner of family rental homes in the country.
即便如此，该公司仍是美国最大的家庭出租屋业主。
Before Blackstone sold its shares in 2019, Invitation Homes owned about 82,500 homes.
在黑石集团于2019年出售其股份之前，Invitation Homes拥有约8.25万套房屋。
At the same time it was buying up properties across the US, in 2013, Blackstone made its first investment in Spanish housing, buying 1,860 apartments from the city of Madrid.
黑石集团在美国各地购买房产的同时，2013年，该公司对西班牙房地产也进行了第一笔投资，从马德里市购买了1860套公寓。
The story was the same as in the US: the Madrid Tenants Union accused Blackstone of hiking the rent on new leases, forcing some tenants to leave their homes.
情况与美国一样: 马德里租户联盟指责黑石集团大幅提高了新租约的租金，迫使一些租户离开他们的房子。
According to a two-year analysis of Blackstone-owned apartments by academics in Madrid, tenants said their buildings quickly declined after Blackstone took over.
马德里学者对黑石集团所有的公寓进行了为期两年的分析，根据这些分析，租户称黑石集团接手公寓后，他们的建筑很快就变得破落衰败。
(In an email, a spokesperson for the company told me that rising rents in Madrid were caused by an “imbalance between supply and demand”, and that Blackstone’s funds invested more than ?150m in refurbishing homes in Spain and providing services to its tenants.)
(该公司的一位发言人通过电子邮件告诉我，马德里租金上涨是由“供需失衡”造成的，黑石集团投资了逾1.5亿欧元用于西班牙的房屋翻新以及租户服务。)
By 2019, Blackstone owned almost 30,000 rental homes in the country, making it Spain’s largest private landlord.
到2019年，黑石集团在西班牙拥有近3万套出租房屋，成为该国最大的私人房东。
