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In 2023, the most populous country on the planet will no longer be China, but India.
2023年，地球上人口最多的国家将不再是中国，而是印度。
China's population is peaking, while India's has continued to grow.
中国的人口即将见顶，而印度的人口仍在继续增长。
And the UN predicts that on April 14th 2023, India's population will overtake that of China's.
联合国预测，到2023年4月14日，在人口方面，印度将超过中国。
"That is hugely significant in symbolic terms, but what's more important is the composition of the Indian population, specifically the size of its working-age population."
“这在象征性上意义重大，但更重要的是印度人口的构成，特别是劳动年龄人口的规模。”
India has more people of working age than any other population group.
印度处于劳动年龄的人口比其他任何国家都多。
When this happens, it can lead to what's known as a demographic dividend, because of the opportunity it offers for economic growth, particularly for developing countries.
当这种情况发生时，就会导致所谓的人口红利，因为这为经济增长提供了机会，尤其是对发展中国家而言。
The question is, will India be able to capitalise on this opportunity?
问题是，印度能够利用这个机会吗？
A bigger working-age population in theory should mean greater productivity, but in India, there are obstacles to its success.
理论上，更大规模的劳动年龄人口应该意味着更高的生产率，但在印度，这一成功存在着障碍。
For a start, about 90% of jobs in India are informal, which means the vast majority of workers don't have a regular salary.
首先，印度约90%的工作是非正式的，这意味着绝大多数劳动者是没有固定的工资的。
What's more, just 20% of women of working age are actually working.
此外，只有20%的适龄女性在工作。
Part of the problem is that while girls are being educated to a higher level, it's often not high enough to work in offices.
造成这一问题的部分原因在于，虽然女孩们接受了更高水平的教育，但往往不足以让她们在办公室工作。
Part of China's rapid economic growth was due to the foreign-company factories that were set up there.
中国经济快速增长的部分原因是外国企业在那里修建了工厂。
The Indian government has been trying to mimic this with a "Make in India" campaign to entice foreign investment. It's had some success.
印度政府一直试图通过“印度制造”运动来模仿这一点，以吸引外国投资。并在此前已经取得了一些成功。
But the country's infrastructure and the state of its workforce remain a barrier.
但印度的基础设施和劳动力状况仍然是一个障碍。
"The proportion of the labour force that has any formal training is extremely small, around 3%.
“受过正规培训的劳动力比例极低，约为3%。
There's very high levels still of malnutrition, anaemia and other health issues.
营养不良、贫血和其他健康问题也仍然非常严重。
That means that a lot of people coming into the labour force, their cognitive and physical development may have been impaired."
这意味着很多刚进入劳动力市场的人，他们的认知和身体发育可能已经受损。”
The challenge for the Indian government is to create the economic environment to encourage, both domestic and foreign businesses to create jobs,
印度政府面临的挑战是创造经济环境，鼓励国内外企业创造就业机会，
so that it can reap the rewards of being the most populous country on the planet.
这样它才能从“地球上人口最多的国家”这一情况中获得回报。
