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The standard narrative of the Church over the past two centuries depicts an institution dead set against the modern world abruptly swerving to embrace it. [qh]
在过去的两个世纪里，教会的叙事规范描绘了一个坚决反对现代世界后又突然接受现代世界的机构。[qh]
That narrative is simplistic, and McGreevy complicates it. [qh]
这种说法过于简单，而麦克格里维则将其复杂化。[qh]
His working idea is that Catholicism began its encounter with the modern world well before Pope John XXIII, in opening the Second Vatican Council in 1962, asked the bishops assembled in Rome “to ignore ‘prophets of doom’ who saw in ‘modern times nothing but prevarication and ruin.’” [qh]
他的工作理念是，天主教早在1962年教皇约翰二十三世召开第二次梵蒂冈大公会议之前就开始接触现代世界了。教皇在会上要求聚集在罗马的主教们“不要理会只看到现代社会推诿和毁灭的‘悲观预言家。’”[qh]
In McGreevy’s telling, the shifting began in 1789. [qh]
在麦克格里维的叙述中，这种转变始于1789年。[qh]
The French Revolution produced a government hostile to Catholicism and sparked the revolutions of 1848 that in turn shaped the modern nation-state. [qh]
法国大革命产生了一个敌视天主教的政府，并引发了1848年的革命，进而形成了现代民族国家。[qh]
Ever since, the Church has been engaged in a struggle to address social, moral, and political developments while maintaining a consistent religious identity.[qh]
自那时起，教会一直致力于解决社会、道德和政治发展问题，与此同时又保持一贯的宗教身份。[qh]
The first third of the book explores how the Church, in the decades after 1789, dogmatically opposed modernity, while making practical accommodations to the changing societies in which its members lived. [qh]
这本书的前三分之一探讨了在1789年之后的几十年里，教会如何教条地反对现代性，同时又在对教会成员所生活的不断变化的社会做出实际的调整。[qh]
Pope Pius VII signed a concordat with Napoleon (whose troops controlled Rome) and traveled to Paris for his coronation as emperor in 1804. [qh]
教皇庇护七世与拿破仑(拿破仑的军队控制着罗马)签署了一份协约，并前往巴黎参加他加冕为帝的典礼。[qh]
Yet newly cut off from state power and dismayed by the Enlightenment’s stress on individualism, Catholic leaders in France, especially, responded to an urbanizing industrial age by erecting what McGreevy calls a “milieu” of schools, seminaries, hospitals, and orphanages as a rigidly ordered parallel world set against unruly civil society. [qh]
然而，由于刚刚脱离国家权力不久，加之对启蒙运动强调个人主义感到担忧，法国天主教领袖建立了麦克格里维所说的由学校、神学院、医院和孤儿院组成的“环境”，将其作为一个严格有序的平行世界，以对抗不守规则的公民社会，从而对城市化的工业时代做出回应。[qh]
Those “Reform Catholics” (McGreevy’s term) who did strive to fit their local churches into the new order of nation-states met with resistance from the “ultramontanists,” who regarded the pope as a pan-European absolute monarch and the Church as a bulwark against surging democracy.[qh]
那些“改革派天主教徒”(麦克格里维的术语)确实努力让地方教会适应民族国家的新秩序，但遭到了“拥护教皇全权论者”的阻力，他们认为教皇是全欧洲的绝对君主，教会是抵御民主浪潮的堡垒。[qh]
The conflict came to a head at the First Vatican Council, in 1869. [qh]
两派的冲突在1869年的第一次梵蒂冈大公会议上达到顶峰。[qh]
McGreevy cites a French observer’s account of the gathering’s anti-worldly spirit: “The church, through its supreme pastor, says to the lay world, to lay society, and to lay authorities: It is apart from you that I want to exist, to take action, to make decisions, and to develop, affirm, and understand myself.” [qh]
麦克格里维引用了一位法国观察员对教会反世俗精神的描述:“教会通过其最高牧师，对世俗世界、世俗社会和世俗权威说: 远离你们，我想要采取行动，做出决定，发展、肯定和了解自我。”[qh]
