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Welcome to It Hurts! One of these creatures is thought to possess the world's most painful insect sting.
欢迎来到“好疼呀”！其中一个昆虫好像是世界上叮咬最疼的昆虫。
If you were to guess, would it be: the ant that forages in rainforest canopies?
来猜一猜，它会是：雨林的蚂蚁？
The bee that protects a hive of delectable honey? Or the wasp that paralyzes tarantulas? Let's find out!
保护自己美味蜂蜜的蜜蜂？还是使狼蛛瘫痪的黄蜂？让我们一起看看吧！
Ant, bee, and wasp venoms contain a variable cocktail of compounds designed to incite unsavory sensations and even compromise bodily functions.
蚂蚁、蜜蜂和黄蜂的毒液有各种各样的化合物，会造成不痛快的感觉，甚至还损害身体的机能。
Entomologist Justin O. Schmidt's sting pain index describes and ranks the pain of around 100 kinds of insect stings.
昆虫学家贾斯汀·O·施密特的疼痛指数，描述和排列了差不多一百种昆虫叮咬的疼痛状况。
One of our three competitors claims the nastiest one.
而冠军就是我们的其中一个参赛者。
First, let's consider the Western honeybee's sting, Schmidt says it's like "a flaming match head has landed on your arm and is quenched first with lye and then sulfuric acid."
先让我们来看看蜜蜂的刺吧。施密特形容被它螫到就像是“燃烧的火柴棒掉在你的手臂上，先用碱液，再用硫酸扑灭火势。”
This discomfort is accomplished with venom that's packed with a pain-causing peptide called "melittin" and flesh-softening enzymes that disperse the venom.
这种不适是通过毒液来完成的，毒液中含有一种叫做“蜂毒素”的引起疼痛的肽，以及可以分散毒液的肉软化酶。
These enzymes may also cause allergic reactions and even lead to fluid buildup in the lungs.
这些酶也可能会引发过敏反应，甚至可能导致肺积水。
Because worker honeybees have barbed stingers that burrow into certain victims,
因为工蜂刺入目标的毒针有倒钩，
they usually can't sting without leaving part of their bodies behind, which ultimately kills them.
在螫人时，身体的一部分也会脱落，最终导致它们的死亡。
Since only the queen bee has the ability to reproduce, a worker bee's self-sacrifice helps ensure that the colony -- and their genes -- will prevail.
因为只有女王蜂有生育能力，一只工蜂的自我牺牲，能确保蜂群跟基因都能延续。
But before they go, they release an alarm pheromone that activates a mass attack and often targets some of the most vulnerable sites on their victim's body.
但在死亡之前，它们会释放一种警戒费洛蒙，动员蜂群一起攻击目标，还常针对目标身体最脆弱的几个部位。
The tarantula hawk wasp sting is, as Schmidt says, "blinding, fierce, shockingly electric ... A bolt out of the heavens. Lie down and scream."
根据施密特的描述，被沙漠蛛蜂螫到会头晕目眩，剧痛，有强烈触电感...就像是从天而降的雷霆，你只能躺着放声尖叫。
The sensation might last just 5 agonizing minutes for humans, but it leaves tarantulas -- the wasp's preferred target -- permanently paralyzed.
对人类来说，这痛苦可能只会持续五分钟，但它们最喜欢的猎物，狼蛛，却会因此永久瘫痪。
After the wasp stings a tarantula, aiming for a crucial bundle of nerves, it lays an egg on the immobilized spider.
在蛛蜂螫刺狼蛛体内特定的神经束后，它会将卵产在动弹不得的狼蛛体内。
Once hatched, the wasp's larva spends its formative days in the bountiful environment of the tarantula's body -- devouring it alive.
幼虫孵化后，在整个幼虫时期，它都会待在营养充足的狼蛛体内，啃食还活着的宿主。
Aside from paralyzing the tarantula, the wasp's sting doesn't seem to do further harm.
除了瘫痪，蛛蜂的刺并不会对狼蛛造成其他伤害。
This functions to preserve the spider as fresh meat for the wasp's offspring.
这是为了确保在蛛蜂幼虫孵化后，还能吃到狼蛛的新鲜美味。
The rainforest-dwelling bullet ant's sting yields "pure, intense, brilliant pain. Like walking over a flaming bed of charcoal with a 3-inch nail embedded in your heel," according to Schmidt.
据施密特表示，被住在雨林的子弹蚁螫到，会带来“纯粹、狂暴、无法忍受的剧痛，就像是走在烧红的木炭上，脚后跟还插着三寸长的钉子。”
And this torture often lasts more than 12 hours.
而且这份折磨经常超过十二小时。
A neurotoxic peptide called poneratoxin that our bodies struggle to degrade is what makes the pain last so long.
疼痛之所以会持续这么久，是因为人体试着代谢这种叫做“针蚁毒素”的神经毒性肽。
In addition to agony, poneratoxin can induce trembling, cold sweats, nausea, vomiting, and even an abnormal heartbeat.
除了痛苦，它也会导致颤抖、冷汗、恶心、呕吐，甚至是心律不整。
The bullet ant is, in fact, crowned with the most painful insect sting.
事实上，子弹蚁是世界上螫人最痛的昆虫。
It's thought that they may have evolved such an excruciating defense because they forage in rainforest canopies loaded with predators looking for proteinaceous snacks.
一般认为，这是因为在它们觅食的雨林树冠丛中，住着许多喜爱蛋白质小点心的掠食者，才让它们进化出这种令人痛不欲生的防御手段。
They can't simply jump or fly away, so perhaps they're better off with this reliable, rather off-putting weapon.
因为它们既不会跳也不能飞，所以这可靠且让人退避三舍的武器让它们占据优势。
The tarantula hawk wasp's formidable sting clocks in as the second most painful on the scale. And it's likely the reason this wasp has no known predators.
沙漠蛛蜂的强大毒刺，在施密特螫痛指数中勇夺第二。这很可能是它没有掠食者的理由。
Honeybee stings are in the middle of the pain scale.
蜜蜂的刺在施密特螫痛指数中排名中段位置。
But when many sting simultaneously, what might've felt manageable at first becomes all the more dangerous.
但如果同时被许多蜜蜂螫，一开始的也许尚能忍受，但终会对身体造成严重伤害。
In fact, insect stings helped enable the evolution of complex colonies that would otherwise represent an easy feast to predators.
实际上，昆虫的毒刺有助于群体演化。若非如此，它们就只会是掠食者能轻松享用的大餐。
Some stinging insects are, of course, more aggressive than others, but most of the time, they only sting us when we provoke them. The truth hurts.
有些会螫人的昆虫的确更具攻击性，但大多时候，它们之所以攻击我们，是因为我们挑衅在先。事实也会螫痛人的。
