You might be wondering: hang on, where’s the Scottish people? We talked about French, English, Welsh, where are the Scots？

Yes, where are the Scots？

This is when they come to England and they are called the Stuarts.

斯图亚特王朝, that's in early 17th century?

Yeah, 1603.

James I of England and James VI of Scotland was the Scottish king, and he ruled both England and Scotland under one crown

Just let me add in one thing. I think if you want to know more about English history or British history, you really just need to remember a few names, but you need to remember the numbers.

Yes.

Because it's just the repetition of a few names but with a number attached to it.

Pretty much.

Okay. So wasn't that the time for Guy Fawkes, like Guy Fawkes night, Guy Fawkes?

In one of our earlier episodes, one of our very early episodes we talked about Guy Fawkes and the gunpowder plot. And James I was the man, the King that Guy Fawkes tried to kill.

In the gunpowder plot.

Yes. Now James I didn't die in the gunpowder plot and eventually his son Charles I came to the throne. Now Charles I fought in the English Civil War. He fought against parliament, parliament won, and King Charles I had his head cut off.

I think similar to Chinese history, all these fight for throne and all these fight for jockeying for power, pretty bloody.

It was.

Even as King or Emperor, you're not exempt.

But the difference is that after Charles I was executed, England became a republic.

So before it was a monarch.

Yeah.

Now it became a republic, but you still have the monarch, though.

That's because Oliver Cromwell ruled the Commonwealth when we had no king. He became the lord protector; and to be honest, they were very unpopular, they were so unpopular that they actually asked Charles II, Charles I’s son to come back and take the throne.

所以就把君主制又搬回来了.

And this is called the restoration.

就是查理二世后面又复辟了, came back to the throne, restoration.

It was towards the end of the Stuarts. In1707, Scotland and England became united in the Act of Union. So that is when we started to call the country Great Britain.

In 1707, before it was just England, Scotland, separate countries.

And this meant that England Scotland became pretty much the same country but there are lots and lots of differences in the law, the customs, and we won’t get going to it this time, it can get a bit complicated.

I mean we can use a separate episode to talk about that.

Yes.

After the Stuarts came the Hanoverians .

汉诺威王朝

So the Hanoverians actually came from Hanover in Germany in 1714.

They were the ones that couldn't really speak much English in the beginning.

That's right, George I couldn't speak much English and was dependent on the first Prime Minister Robert Walpole.

We talked about that, that's where Prime Minister我们之前跟安澜录过一集, 讲英国政府的, 就讲为什么会有首相, 最开始的首相主要就是因为这个国王不会讲英文, he is like a translator.

So around this time, later, you had George III, George III was the last King of America.

Oh, and then they became independent.美国独立之前, 最后的一个王就是乔治三世.

Yes. And eventually he became ill and was thought to be mad. And his son George, later George IV became the Prince Regent.

乔治三世的儿子也就是乔治四世, 也就是后面的Prince Regent摄政王. 我们专门录了另外一集节目, 就专门来讲荒唐的Prince Regent的.

Yeah, that's a really interesting episode. And later the throne goes to Queen Victoria in 1837.

And started the Victorian Age, 然后就到了维多利亚时代了. 维多利亚时代是1837年开始的, 1837, so Queen Victoria still belong to the Hanoverians.

Technically yes. But because she lived for so long and also she wasn't one of the rulers of Hanover because she was not allowed to, because she was a woman.

Then we started to basically the Hanoverians were phased out.

I see, I think then you're kind of fast forwarding to the Royal House now which is the Windsors. 然后就到了温莎王朝, 现在还是温莎, 对吧？

Yes. Now this gets a little bit complicated because they weren't called the Windsors. Their name was originally Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

That's their surname.

That was their surname. And that was the name of the Royal House, but they had to change it in 1917 because we were fighting a war with Germany.

And these were German surnames.

They were very German surnames and.

They were not winning any favors using these names.

It was very unpopular. So what they did was they thought of what is the most English thing that they could think of.

Windsor.

Windsor, as in Windsor Castle.

这个我真不知道, 所以他们完全为了亲民就改成了温莎是吗？

Yes.

One thing I always wanted to ask like nowadays we just hear Prince William王子, 他的surname是什么？

It should be Windsor or Wales.

Literally, if you call him by his full name, he's William Windsor or William Wales?

Well. Technically no, because he is a member of the Royal Family. He doesn't really need a surname.

I see. So it's always Prince William unless he becomes the King. That is King William.

Yeah. And then when he becomes the King, he doesn't need a passport.

So it doesn't matter. He's not in the census, I guess.

Well, he is, but...

Just as Prince William and or King William.

Well, exactly.

George VI was the one that changed the name and he ruled during World War I. So his son Edward became King after George VI.

That's the king who abdicated.

That’s right.

就是放弃王位, 然后就娶了一个美国的 divorcee美国的离过婚的女人, 对吧？

Wallis Simpson.

And then his brother became King George VI.

King George VI, 乔治六世, 这个是《国王的演讲》, The King’s speech里面的.

He led the country during the World War II and then when he died, his daughter became Queen Elizabeth II, that was in 1952 and then only this year in 2022, her son Charles became King Charles III.

总算连到现在了, 放弃王位的是爱德华, 然后爱德华之后就是他的brother, 那么就是乔治六世.

乔治六世去世之后, 就是之前的女王超城待机的女王伊丽莎白二世, 然后伊丽莎白二世今年去世之后, 再就是查尔斯, Charles III.

And we talked about him and also Elizabeth II in some of the earlier episodes.

I don't know what's gonna happen. I don't know like if he's the next in line?

He is.

He is the next in line. So when he becomes the king, he's gonna be William the...how many?

Well, we don't know because what happens, most of the time in British history, is that the King or Queen changed their name. So for example, Edward VIII, the one who abdicated his actual first name was David.

Yes, but Charles didn't change his name.

But that's a personal choice. Similar to Chinese Emperors in the past, they would have maybe a reigning name and they will have their own personal name.

I see, so we just have to wait and see. But the current monarch in England is King Charles III and he didn't change his name.

He didn't change his name.

Okay, that's a very very quick comb through of the six main Royal Houses or Dynasties in English history.

Yes. Now hopefully this might make it a little bit easier to understand British TV shows or kind of Historical Dramas or Historical Films. But also hopefully it's a little bit of an anchor, a little bit of context to some of our earlier episodes.

And also it will give you a little bit more contexts when you are watching these historical or period dramas.

Yes.

On that note, we're gonna wrap up here, leave us some comments on British history or English history that you are interested in. I can't wait for further episodes where we get to, go into these Dynasties, Royal Houses, and explore some of the juicy gossip.

There's a lot of juicy gossip.

Thank you安澜.

Thank you.

We'll see you next time.

Bye.