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Treadmills are really weird.
跑步机很奇怪。
They're a strange, modern piece of equipment that we spend a lot of money on, and we spend a lot of money to go to a gym- that makes you work really hard to stay in the same place.
它是一种耗资巨大的奇怪的现代设备，我们花了很多钱去健身房，你使尽了浑身的力气却只能停在原地。
'It's the apotheosis of exercise.' Think about it a treadmill, right?
‘它是对运动的神化。’想想，跑步机，是吧？
We think treadmills are synonymous with exercise, but it's a noisy, expensive machine that makes you work really, really hard for no purpose other than to make you move without getting anywhere.
我们觉得踩跑步机就等同于运动，但它只是一个聒噪、昂贵的机器，让你拼尽全力动起来，却哪儿也去不了。
Most of us, if we're forced to be on a treadmill, we listen to a podcast or some music, we watch something on our iPhones or whatever to make it tolerable.
我们多数人，如果被迫去踩跑步机的话，都会听着播客或音乐，我们会用手机等设备看一些视频，好让自己能坚持下去。
My name is Dan Lieberman.
我是丹·利伯曼。
I'm a Professor of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, and I'm the author of "Exercised," why something we never evolved to do is healthy and rewarding.
我是哈佛大学人类进化生物学的教授，也是《运动》一书的作者，为什么进化从未让我们去做的事却是健康有益的。
The very first treadmills were probably invented by the Romans or even some other ancient peoples like that to move wheels and stuff like that.
最早的跑步机可能是罗马人或其他祖先发明的，用来移动轮子之类的东西。
But the modern treadmill's real genesis comes from Victorian prisons.
但现代跑步机其实起源于维多利亚时期的监狱。
They were invented by a man named William Cubitt at some point in the 19th century to prevent prisoners in England, like debtors' prisons, from relaxing and enjoying themselves.
19世纪的某个时间，一个叫威廉·库比特的人发明了这种设备，防止英格兰的犯人放松或享受，就像债务人的监狱一样。
So they would make prisoners sort of trudge for hours a day on these big slat-like treadmills to make it unpleasant for them to be in jail.
所以他们会让囚犯每天在这些板条状的跑步机上蹬上几个小时，让他们感受到监狱的痛苦。
And of course now, people still trudge on treadmills, except they do it on their own volition, but many of them still feel like it's a kind of form of torture.
当然了，现在人们依然会去蹬跑步机，只不过他们是为了运动自己的意志力，但很多人仍然觉得这是种折磨。
I don't know anybody who really enjoys being on a treadmill.
我不认识一个喜欢踩跑步机的人。
'It's easy to squeeze your way to shapely hips and thighs.'
‘很容易挤压你的臀部和大腿。’
So many modern forms of exercise are kind of like cod liver oil-they're not really pleasant.
很多现代的运动形式都像鱼肝油一样，并不那么讨喜。
'Extra sunshine for us in winter and spring.'
‘冬春季我们可以享受到更多的阳光。’
We do them because they're good for us. 'Come on, go, go!'
我们愿意运动是因为有利可图。‘继续，加油，加油！’
But it's not fun. 'Make your muscles cry.'
但它并不好玩。‘让你的肌肉痛哭吧。’
And so it's like taking your medicine.
这就像喝药一样。
It's important to make a distinction between physical activity and exercise- so physical activity's just moving.
有必要区分一下体力活动和运动，体力活动只是活动而已。
You do anything: go shop, pick up your groceries and take them to your car, that's physical activity.
任何事都行：去商店、去买菜并把菜拿到车上，这些都是体力活动。
When you sweep the kitchen floor, that's physical activity.
拖地的时候，是体力活动。
But exercise is discretionary, voluntary physical activity for the sake of health and fitness.
但运动是为了健康和健身而从事的随意、自愿的体力活动。
The word exercise comes from the Latin 'exercitatio,' and it meant "to train."
“exercise”这个单词源于拉丁语“exercitatio”，意思是“训练”。
We still do math exercises.
我们还会做数学练习。
When you were plowing a field, for example, that would be considered exercise in sort of early English.
比如说，在早期的英语中，犁地会被看做是一种运动。
Or soldiers do exercises to get fit.
或者士兵会运动，保持强健。
On the other hand, it also means to be exercised, to be upset, to be confused, to be anxious, to be kind of worried.
另一方面，它还意味着去执行、去沮丧、去困惑、去焦虑、去担心。
You know, we get exercised by our math exercises.
数学练习会让我们得到运动。
In the modern world, a lot of people are confused about exercise.
在现代社会中，很多人都对运动感到困惑。
They find it hard to do, they're not quite sure how much to do, there are all kinds of myths surrounding it.
他们觉得运动很难，不知道该做多少运动，围绕它，有各种各样的迷思。
'The burning is a signal that your muscles are working harder than they should.'
‘燃烧是一种信号，表明你的肌肉在超负荷地努力工作。’
Most people don't do it because they want to, they do it because it helps to stave off death and decrepitude.
多数人运动并不是因为他们想运动，而是为了延缓死亡和衰老。
By shining the light of evolution and using kind of an anthropological perspective, my goal really is to help people be less exercised about exercise.
通过运用进化论的观点和人类学的观点，我想要帮助人们在运动上不必过于鸡血。
'Right, left, right, left. Walking is one of the great exercises for people of all ages.'
‘右，左，右，左。步行对任何年龄段的人来说都是最棒的运动方式之一。’
If there's any one physical activity that humans evolved to do, it's to walk.
如果非要说人类的进化历程中有体力活动的话，那就是步行。
Walking is the way which humans get around, get food.
人们通过步行去移动、寻找食物。
It's kind of fundamental to who we are as a species.
步行对人类这个物种来说是最基本的。
Today, in the modern Western world, with cars and escalators and elevators and Zoom and TV and all that sort of stuff- we just don't walk very much.
如今，在西方世界，有了汽车、扶梯、电梯、Zoom和电视等设备，我们走路少了。
You know, the average hunter-gatherer will take maybe 10-15,000 steps a day.
对采集狩猎者来说，平均每天要走上一万到一万五千步。
The average American, before the pandemic, was taking something like 4,700 and something steps a day.
疫情前，美国人平均每天会走上4700步左右。
So a lot less than our ancestors.
这比我们的祖先少的多。
One of the ways which we medicalize exercise in the Western world is that we think there's a certain amount you should do, right? We prescribe it.
在西方世界，我们将运动医学化了，其表现之一就是我们认为运动该有一定的量，对吧?我们会给它开处方。
"You should take two aspirin, you should get eight hours of sleep, and you should walk 10,000 steps a day."
“你应该吃两片阿司匹林，你应该有8小时的睡眠，你应该每天走一万步。”
We like that, right? There's nothing necessarily wrong with a goal, right?
我们喜欢把它量化，对吧？有目标并没有什么错，对吧？
Goals can be really helpful, actually. But 10,000 steps is kind of arbitrary.
有目标会大有助益。但每天一万步有点过于武断了。
