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See, you're telling the enemy everything you wanna do. No wonder you've been fighting.
你告诉了敌人你想做的所有事情，难怪你一直在...
I watched the 2016 presidential election debates between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.
我看了2016年唐纳德·特朗普和希拉里·克林顿之间的总统选举辩论。
Several months after, what was then my greatest triumph in the world of debate, which was winning the World University's Debate Championships.
那时距离我赢得世界大学辩论锦标赛只过去了几个月，那是我当时在辩论界获得的最大成就。
The thing that struck me most about those debates is how quickly a stage set up with rule, with moderators, with the values of a community that had decided to make debates a part of the democratic process,
当时让我感触最深的是，在一个有规则、有主持人、有着以将辩论作为民主进程的一部分为价值观的舞台上，
how quickly that could be turned into a kind of a brawl, where the only thing that mattered was the display and the spectacle of dominance over the other side, where embarrassment was the currency.
这场辩论竟那么快就沦为喧闹，唯一重要的就是展示和支配对方，尴尬成了武器。
Those darker impulses that feed into bad disagreements are not only within the activity of debate, but they're within all of us, that just the way that we have the capacity to disagree well, we also have the capacity to disagree badly.
那些导致严重分歧的黑暗冲动不仅存在于辩论活动中，而且存在于我们每个人的内心，我们可以友善地提出分歧，也可以为此闹得不可收拾。
Having seen how the debate format can be broken down, can be hijacked by bad faith debaters, a resolve to list the common tactics that are used by bad faith arguers, and the four common personas I came up with were first the dodger, the twister, the wrangler, and fourth, the liar.
在目睹了辩论的形式如何被破坏，如何被恶意的辩手所玷污之后，我决定列出恶意辩手所使用的常见策略，我想到的四种常见形象分别是躲闪者、歪曲者、口角者、说谎者。
So the dodger wins by essentially changing the topic.
躲闪者获胜基本就是通过改变话题。
So you might say something like we need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels because climate change is getting out of hand.
如果你说我们需要减少对化石燃料的依赖，因为气候变化即将失控。
Then they might say on the topic of climate change, why do you drive a four wheel drive?
他们则可能提出关于气候变化的问题，你为什么要开四轮油车？
It is a kind of a response on the same topic, but not to the point that you had raised.
这看起来好像谈论的是同一个话题，但并不是对你所提的观点的回应。
And so the response to the dodger is to stay the course and to keep bringing the discussion back to the original point and highlighting that they are trying to change what the disagreement is about.
对付躲闪者，就要坚持话题，把对话拉回到最初的焦点上，并且指出他们在试图改变话题。
The second kind of persona is the twister, and the twister's signature move is to misrepresent the point that you'll making.
第二种是歪曲者，这种人最典型的做法就是曲解你所提出的观点。
If you say I'm opposed to increasing taxes, the twister might say does that mean you have no concern for social security?
如果你说我反对加税，他们可能会说这是否意味着你不关心社会保障？
It's not the argument you are raising, it's the one they're thrusting on you.
这并不是你提出的观点，而是他们强加给你的。
To respond to the twister, it's imperative to correct the record and say no, that's not what I'm saying.
对付歪曲者，纠正他们很重要，告诉他们，那并不是我的观点。
You can often get into a position of arguing for something you don't believe, or at least the conversation's splitting and you not being able to connect and talk about the same issue.
你会经常陷入争论一些并非你的观点的境地，或者至少对话偏移了，你无法去讨论同一个问题。
The third kind of bad arguer is called the Wrangler.
第三种恶意辩手就是口角者。
And this is the person for whom nothing is ever good enough.
对这种人来说，任何事都不够好。
They're very good at coming up with critiques against just about everything that you're saying, but they never offer an alternative of their own.
他们很擅长反驳你提出的任何观点，却从来不提供自己的想法。
And so the appropriate response to the wrangler is to say well, what do you believe?
所以应对口角者的最佳办法就是，问问他们“那你相信什么呢？”
In other words, to pin them to a position so that they too have to argue in favor of something rather than always saying no.
换句话说，逼迫他们必须去支持某种观点，而不总是否定一切。
The fourth personality and someone we see just about everywhere is the liar.
最后一种随处可见的就是说谎者。
They usually don't tell one lie, they tell many.
他们不止说一个谎，而是说很多谎。
The strategy against a liar is to choose one or two representative lies that you think best exemplifies the approach that the liar is taking in a disagreement.
对付说谎者的策略是选择一两个具有代表性的谎言，你认为这些谎言最能说明说谎者在出现分歧时所采取的方法。
Then debaters do something called plug and replace.
辩手们还会做一些所谓的插拔替换。
You replace the lie with a truth, and so by plugging in the lie and then replacing it with the truth, you can demonstrate the ways in which the lie falls short and try and explain how that symptomatic of a broader approach that the liar is taking to the debate.
你用事实代替谎言，通过插入谎言，然后再用事实代替它，可以展示出谎言的不足之处，从而解释说谎者在辩论中采取的更广泛的特色方法。
One thing that knowledge and mastery of this kind of defense against the dark hearts allows us to do is to challenge the bullies in our lives.
掌握这些对付黑暗心灵的知识，能帮助我们挑战生活中的恶霸。
Some of that is a necessity because they're there, and they often bring the fight to us, but it's also an important thing to engage bad faith actors as early as we can, and in many instances as often as we can because the power of bullies increases without challenge.
掌握一些相关的技能是必要的，因为恶霸就存在着，会给我们的生活带来斗争，但越早遇到坏人也越重要，有时候遇到坏人越多也越重要，因为如果没有挑战，恶霸的势力会只增不减。
Even at a time when we might feel hopeless faced with a bully or a bad faith debater, we need to have tools so that we're able to respond, but we also have strategies available to us to reset the kind of conversation we want to have.
在遇到恶霸或恶意辩手的时候，即便感到毫无希望，我们也需要掌握一定的技能以便做出回应，也能将对话重置为我们想要的样子。
