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Horror is one of the most popular fiction genres today.
恐怖小说是当今最流行的小说类型之一。
Big names like it saw and The Last of Us prove over and over that many people love to be scared for entertainment.
如《最后生还者》的众多著名恐怖作品一次又一次地证明，许多人喜欢恐怖类型的娱乐。
This might raise the question--what makes creepy clowns, massive sharks and brain-eating zombies, such popular topics in the world of fiction.
这可能会引发一个问题——是什么让令人毛骨悚然的小丑、巨大的鲨鱼和吃脑僵尸成为小说世界中如此受欢迎的话题?
In this video, we want to explore the psychology of horror and what draws people to being scared or terrified.
在这段视频中，我们想要探索恐惧的心理，以及是什么吸引人们感到害怕或恐惧。
The rush--what do math finals talking to a crush and Slenderman have in common?
冲刺--数学期末考试、与暗恋对象交谈以及瘦长鬼影之间有什么共同之处？
They're effective in inducing fear, and even though these experiences may all be different, your body produces very similar reactions.
它们在引发恐惧方面很有效，尽管这些经历可能都不同，但你的身体会产生非常相似的反应。
According to medical news today, when you feel that you're in danger, your brain triggers the fight-or-flight response, your pupils dilate, your heart beats faster, and your blood pressure increases.
根据今天的医学新闻，当你感觉自己处于危险中时，你的大脑会触发战斗或逃跑的反应，你的瞳孔会扩大，你的心跳会加快，你的血压会上升。
These are evolutionary responses that help you stay alert when the body senses danger ahead.
当身体感觉到前方有危险时，这些进化反应可以帮助你保持警觉。
By exposing you to scary images, horror movies and games have a way of making your mind believe that it's in danger, which creates a rush of adrenaline and feelings of fear and excitement.
恐怖电影和游戏让你置身于恐怖的画面中，让你的大脑相信自己处于危险之中，这会让你的肾上腺素激增，产生恐惧和兴奋的感觉。
But of course, it's important that real danger is kept at bay, which brings us to safety net.
但当然，重要的是，真正的危险被排除在外，这就把我们带到了安全网之内。
Imagine being a night guard at a Family Pizza Restaurant, your shift starts from midnight to 6 a.m.
想象一下，如果你是一家披萨餐厅的夜班警卫，你的轮班时间是从午夜开始到早上6点。
Your job is to sit in a room and monitor four animatronics that come to life and roam around the restaurant.
你的工作是坐在一个房间里，监控四个动漫设备，它们有了生命，在餐厅里四处游荡。
You turn your eyes away from the camera for two seconds when suddenly the fox animatronic runs into your room and starts shrieking.
你把视线从摄像机上移开两秒钟，突然狐狸动画跑进你的房间，开始尖叫。
If this were to happen in real life, would this situation be exciting? Probably not.
如果这发生在现实生活中，这种情况会令人兴奋吗？大概不会吧。
But of course, if you knew that this was just a game, you would know that it's safe even though the scenario is terrifying.
但当然，如果你知道这只是一场游戏，你就会知道它是安全的，即使场景很可怕。
And this is the main difference between real and fake danger.
这就是真正的危险和虚假的危险之间的主要区别。
In his book, the dangerous edge psychologist Michael APTA explores how people find excitement from extreme activities.
危险边缘心理学家迈克尔·阿普塔在书中探索了人们如何从极端活动中找到兴奋。
He theorized that people raised their levels of excitement from risky activities by having just enough safety net to keep the activities from being lethal or fatal.
他的理论是，人们通过拥有足够的安全网来防止危险活动的致命性，从而提高了他们对高风险活动的兴奋程度。
This is how people can enjoy roller coasters, bungee jumping or even horror movies.
这就是人们享受过山车、蹦极甚至恐怖电影的方式。
The fact that the terror behind the screen isn't real, creates a safety net for the viewer while maximizing the level of excitement.
屏幕背后的恐惧并不是真的，这一事实为观众创造了一个安全网，同时最大限度地提高了刺激程度。
Age and gender. Who do you think would be more likely to enjoy horror movies or games? Your teenage brother or your grandma?
年龄和性别。你认为谁更有可能喜欢恐怖片或游戏？你十几岁的弟弟还是你几十岁的奶奶？
Researchers Classen and Johnson attempted to answer this question in 2020.
研究人员克拉森和约翰逊在2020年试图回答这个问题。
They conducted an online survey among 1070 individuals and asked them questions about their personality traits, gender, age and their feelings about horror movies.
他们对1070人进行了一项在线调查，询问了他们的个性特征、性别、年龄以及他们对恐怖电影的感受。
So what did they find?
他们发现了什么？
They found that people who enjoyed horror movies tended to have a vivid imagination, low neuroticism and strong belief in the paranormal.
他们发现，喜欢恐怖电影的人往往想象力丰富，神经质较低，对超自然现象有强烈的信念。
The researchers also noticed that males were more likely to enjoy horror movies than females.
研究人员还注意到，男性比女性更喜欢恐怖片。
Their study also showed that there was a negative correlation between the enjoyment of horror and age.
他们的研究还表明，恐惧的享受程度与年龄呈负相关。
This means that if you're going to play a horror game, make sure you play it with your teenage, brother and not with your grandma.
这意味着，如果你要玩恐怖游戏，一定要和你十几岁的弟弟一起玩，而不是和你奶奶一起玩。
The narrative.
叙事技巧。
Have you ever enjoyed a scary movie or game, even if you typically don't enjoy horror? What made it enjoyable?
你有没有看过恐怖电影或游戏，即使你通常不喜欢恐怖？是什么让它变得有趣？
Philosopher Noel Carroll believes that there's something far more significant than jump scares that draws people to the genre of horror.
哲学家诺埃尔·卡罗尔认为，有比从画面中突然跳出来的惊吓更重要的东西将人们吸引到恐怖作品。
In his book, the philosophy of horror, Carol argues that what ultimately draws people to horror more than anything else. It is curiosity.
在他的书《恐怖哲学》中，卡罗尔认为最终吸引人们走向恐怖的是好奇心。
With the right narrative, the horror genre is able to raise curiosity among the audience, and compel people to not only watch horror movies but even come up with their own theories about the story.
有了正确的叙事，恐怖作品能够激发观众的好奇心，迫使人们不仅观看恐怖电影，甚至提出自己的故事理论。
While horror might not be your favorite, you might be surprised with the right movie or game that can play on your curiosity and draw you in with this fascinating story.
虽然恐怖可能不是你的最爱，但你可能会惊讶于合适的电影或游戏，它可以发挥你的好奇心，并用这个迷人的故事吸引你。
So how about a good horror film for your next movie night?
那么，为你的下一个电影之夜准备一部好的恐怖片怎么样？
What about you? Are you a big fan of horror? What are your favorite horror movies or games? If not, what makes you dislike the genre?
你呢？你是恐怖片的铁杆粉丝吗？你最喜欢的恐怖片或游戏是什么？如果不是，是什么让你不喜欢这类电影？
Tell us in the comments below.
在下面的评论中告诉我们。
And if you like this video, hit that like and subscribe button.
如果你喜欢这个视频，请点赞并订阅。
Thanks for watching until next time and remember you matter.
感谢收看，我们下个视频见，记住，你们很重要。
