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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Beth. And I’m Neil.
你好。这里是BBC英语六分钟。我是贝丝。我是尼尔。
Here at 6 Minute English, we discussed animals adapting their behaviour in response to climate change in earlier programmes, but we didn’t focus on one species in detail.
在六分钟英语中，我们在早期的节目中讨论了动物适应气候变化的行为，但我们没有详细关注某一个物种。
So, in this programme, we’ll take a look at an especially unwelcome insect: the mosquito.
所以，在本期节目中，我们来看看一种特别不受欢迎的昆虫：蚊子。
Every year, mosquito-borne diseases kill around three-quarters of a million globally, with most deaths occurring in children under five.
每年，蚊子传播的疾病导致全球约75万人死亡，其中大多数死亡案例为5岁以下的儿童。
With warming temperatures, mosquitos are now spreading to new areas, including Europe.
随着气温升高，蚊子正在向包括欧洲在内的新地区扩散。
We’ll hear about dengue fever, one of the diseases they bring, and as usual, we’ll learn some useful new vocabulary as well.
我们会听到它们带来的一种疾病——登革热，和往常一样，我们也会学习一些有用的新词汇。
But first, I have a question for you, Neil.
但首先，我有个问题要问你，尼尔。
Dengue isn’t the only sickness mosquitos spread, so which of the following is also a mosquito-borne disease?
登革热并不是蚊子可传播的唯一疾病，那么以下哪一种也是蚊子传播的疾病?
Is it: a) ebola, b) cholera, or c) malaria?
是a)埃博拉，b)霍乱，还是c)疟疾?
I think the answer is c) malaria.
我认为答案是c)疟疾。
OK, Neil, we’ll find out later in the programme.
好的，尼尔，我们稍后在节目中揭晓答案。
One country at the forefront of the problem is Indonesia which, in recent years, has seen a surge in dengue-related deaths.
印度尼西亚是登革热最泛滥的国家之一，近年来，该国与登革热有关的死亡人数激增。
Here’s Dr. Dewi Iriani, a paediatrician in the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, speaking with BBC World Service programme, The Climate Question.
以下是印度尼西亚首都雅加达的儿科医生戴维·伊里亚尼在接受BBC全球服务节目“气候问题”采访时的发言。
Fever and muscle aches are common symptoms for a viral infection.
病毒感染的常见症状是发烧和肌肉疼痛。
But if they're accompanied by symptoms, for example red spots on the skin, or maybe there is a fever that lasts for three days, we can suspect that it’s dengue fever.
但如果它们伴有其他症状，比如皮肤上有红点，或者持续三天的发烧，我们就可以怀疑这是登革热。
Day five to seven is the critical window for a dengue fever patient.
第5天至第7天是登革热患者的关键时期。
Sometimes parents don't know about this critical window, and when they bring the child to the hospital, it's difficult for us to help.
有时家长们不知道这个关键的窗口期，当他们把孩子带到医院时，我们很难提供帮助。
Dr. Iriani describes the symptoms of dengue – the signs that indicate the presence of a disease in your body.
伊里亚尼医生描述了登革热的症状——表明你体内存在疾病的迹象。
These include fever, when your body temperature is higher than normal, and your heart beats very fast.
这些症状包括发烧，当体温高于正常水平，心跳非常快的时候。
Dengue is not fatal - if you receive treatment quickly.
如果及时接受治疗，登革热并不致命。
There is a critical window between days five and seven of the infection when a patient needs treatment to survive.
在感染后的第5天到第7天是一个关键的窗口期，此时患者需要治疗才能存活。
A critical window refers to a limited period of time during which action must be taken to achieve a certain result.
关键窗口期是指一段有限的时间，在此期间必须采取行动以达到一定的结果。
Dengue cases in Indonesia have now grown to over 150,000 and many blame climate change.
印度尼西亚的登革热病例现已超过15万，许多人将其归咎于气候变化。
Periods of drought, when little rain falls, force people to collect drinking water in buckets, giving mosquitos places to breed.
干旱时期，雨水很少，人们被迫使用水桶收集饮用水，给蚊子提供了繁殖的场所。
According to Professor Manisha Kulkarni, an epidemiologist from the University of Ottawa, higher temperatures also mean higher rates of replication, something she explained to Paul Conolly, presenter of BBC World Service’s, The Climate Question.
据渥太华大学的流行病学家马尼沙· 库尔卡尼教授说，更高的温度也意味着更高的复制率，她向BBC世界服务节目《气候问题》的主持人保罗·科诺利解释了这一点。
The higher the temperature, the quicker that the mosquito can actually replicate that virus within its body, and then be able to transmit it back to another host when it bites.
温度越高，病毒在蚊子体内复制的速度就越快，然后蚊子就能在叮咬时将病毒传播给另一个宿主。
Manisha also talked about the link between poverty and dengue, which is an important part of this jigsaw, isn't it?
马尼沙还谈到了贫穷和登革热之间的联系，这就像拼图的一个重要部分，不是吗?
Because as more and more people move to cities and live in cramped conditions, with poor sanitation, then more and more people are exposed to dengue, so there's something of a domino effect here.
因为越来越多的人搬到城市，生活在窄小的环境中，卫生条件差，于是越来越多的人接触到登革热，所以这里有某种多米诺骨牌效应。
Dengue spreads when an infected mosquito bites a host – an animal that another animal lives on or uses for food.
当受感染的蚊子叮咬宿主——被其他动物依附或捕食的动物时，登革热就会传播。
And Professor Kulkarni is concerned about poverty as much as climate change.
库尔卡尼教授对贫困和气候变化都感到担忧。
She calls it an important part of the jigsaw, an idiom meaning a part of a complicated situation that helps you understand it.
她把贫困称为拼图的重要部分，这是一个习语，意思是可以帮助你理解复杂情况的一部分。
Poverty forces many Indonesians to move into crowded cities with poor sanitation.
贫困迫使许多印尼人搬到卫生条件差的拥挤城市。
These provide the perfect breeding ground for mosquitos creating a domino effect - a situation in which something bad happens, causing further negative consequences.
这些为蚊子提供了完美的滋生地，产生了多米诺骨牌效应——一些不好的事情发生后，造成了进一步负面后果的情况。
The domino effect means that dengue is spreading not just in Asia, but in parts of the world which didn’t have it before, including France, Spain, and Italy.
多米诺骨牌效应意味着登革热不仅在亚洲传播，而且在世界上未曾出现过这种疾病的地区传播，包括法国、西班牙和意大利。
But the news isn’t all bad.
但也不全是坏消息。
Fortunately, technology is getting better at slowing the spread, including early warning systems that can predict dengue outbreaks months in advance, and the ongoing work to produce a vaccine.
幸运的是，在减缓传播方面的相关技术愈发完善，包括可以提前几个月预测登革热爆发的早期预警系统，以及正在进行的疫苗生产工作。
All of which, hopefully, mean an end to dengue, and similar diseases… speaking of which, Beth, what was the answer to your question?
希望所有这些都意味着登革热和类似疾病的终结……说到这里，贝丝，你回答的答案是什么?
I asked you to name another mosquito-borne disease, besides dengue.
我让你回答除了登革热之外的另一种蚊媒疾病。
And I said malaria.
我回答的是疟疾。
Which was the correct answer!
这就是正确答案！
Dengue, malaria, and yellow fever are all diseases spread by mosquitoes.
登革热、疟疾和黄热病都是由蚊子传播的疾病。
Right, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned from this programme, starting with symptom – a sign of the presence of a disease in your body.
好了，让我们回顾一下今天节目中学到的词汇，从症状开始，也就是身体出现疾病的迹象。
A fever is a medical condition which increases your body temperature and heartbeat.
发烧是一种医学症状，它会增加你的体温和心跳。
A critical window is a limited period of time during which action must be taken to achieve the desired outcome.
关键窗口期是一段有限的时间，在此期间必须采取行动以达到预期的结果。
The word host has several meanings, but in biology it’s a plant or animal that another plant or animal lives on as a parasite or uses for food.
“宿主”这个词有多种含义，但在生物学中，它指的是被其他动物寄生或食用的植物或动物。
The idiom part of the jigsaw, or part of the puzzle, means a part of a complicated situation that helps you to understand it.
习语“拼图的一部分”，或“谜题的一部分”，意思是帮助你理解复杂情况的一部分。
And finally, one negative event causing another, which in turn causes another, can be called a domino effect.
最后，一个负面事件导致了另一个负面事件，反过来又导致其他负面事件，这被称为多米诺骨牌效应。
Once again, our six minutes are up. Goodbye! Bye!
六分钟又到了。再见！ 拜拜！
