评论
打印
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil. And I’m Beth.
你好。这里是BBC英语六分钟。我是尼尔。我是贝丝。
If you’re deaf or hard of hearing, watching television would be impossible without subtitles - the words of dialogue added at the bottom of the screen explaining what the characters are saying.
如果你是聋人或有听力障碍，看电视就必须要字幕——在屏幕底部添加的对话和单词，用于解释角色在说什么。
Subtitled captions aren’t only for dialogue.
字幕不仅适用于对话。
In the most dramatic, action-packed scenes of a movie, there might be no-one speaking, but there are plenty of sounds - a scream, a thrilling car chase… And all these sounds need to be described as well.
在电影中最戏剧化、最惊险的场景中，可能没有人说话，但却有很多声音——尖叫、惊险的追车声……所有这些声音都需要被描述出来。
In this programme, we’ll be meeting Karli Witkowska, a subtitler who works on the Stranger Things show, to find out more.
在本期节目中，我们将与《怪奇物语》的字幕师卡莉一起了解更多信息。
And of course, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
当然，我们也会学到一些有用的新词汇。
But first I have a question for you, Neil.
但首先我有个问题要问你，尼尔。
Movie subtitles are written ahead of time, but subtitling for live TV has to be done in the moment, as the person is speaking.
电影字幕是提前写好的，但电视直播的字幕必须在人说话的那一刻完成。
This can lead to mistakes - sometimes very funny ones, including a subtitle which appeared in an interview for the BBC Six O’Clock News in 2019.
这可能会导致错误——有时是非常有趣的错误，包括2019年BBC六点钟新闻采访中出现的一个副标题。
But what did the subtitle say?
但那个副标题是什么呢?
Was it: a) We can’t allow Spiderman to become prime minister? b) We can’t allow Superman to become prime minister? , or, c) We can’t allow Batman to become prime minister?
是a)我们不能让蜘蛛侠当首相? b)我们不能让超人当总理? 还是c)我们不能让蝙蝠侠当首相?
I guess the subtitling mistake involved Spiderman.
我猜有蜘蛛侠的字幕是错的标题。
I’ll reveal the answer later in the programme.
稍后我将在节目中揭晓答案。
Of course, it’s not just deaf audiences that subtitles help.
当然，字幕不仅仅对聋哑人有帮助。
The translated subtitles of foreign films are great for learning languages, letting you read a word and hear how its pronounced at the same time.
外国电影的译文字幕对学习语言很有帮助，可以让你一边读单词一边听它的发音。
And because subtitles describe everything, from monster squelches to bombs exploding, it’s a great way to learn new adjectives.
因为字幕描述了一切，从怪物的吱吱声到炸弹爆炸，这是学习新形容词的好方法。
Here’s subtitler Karli Witkowska explaining to BBC Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth how her choice of adjective creates emotion for the viewer:
以下是字幕作者卡莉在BBC广播4频道的《口碑》节目中解释她选择的形容词是如何让观众产生情感的:
It depends on the genre and depends on the shows, and so if you have a very upbeat period piece where the music is very jaunty… you would use the word ‘jaunty’ to describe the music.
这取决于音乐类型和表演，所以如果有一段非常欢快的音乐，你可以用“洋洋得意的”这个词来形容这段音乐。
It’s creating an idea of what a sound is like and using a very, very descriptive word in order to do so.
它创造了一个声音形象的具体概念，并使用一个非常有描述性的词来做到这一点。
Karli bases her descriptions on the film’s genre – a style of film, music or book with its own particular set of features.
卡莉的描述基于电影的类型——一种具有自己独特特征的电影、音乐或书籍的风格。
The sound effects needed for a thriller like Stranger Things – creaking stairs and sudden screams - are very different from the sounds used in historical period dramas which are more upbeat – light-hearted and cheerful.
像《怪奇物语》这样的惊悚片所需要的声音效果——楼梯吱吱作响和突然的尖叫声——与历史剧中使用的声音非常不同，历史剧中使用的声音更乐观——轻松愉快的。
This influences the adjective Karli chooses to describe a sound.
这影响了卡莉选择用来描述声音的形容词。
For example, upbeat music might be described as jaunty - full of energy and confidence.
例如，欢快的音乐可以被描述为洋洋得意的——充满活力和信心。
Subtitles started out as an accessibility feature for deaf audiences, and to translate foreign language films into English.
字幕最初是为聋哑观众提供的辅助功能，并将外语片翻译成英语。
But since the growth of online streaming services like Netflix, subtitling has become something of an art.
但随着网飞等在线流媒体服务的发展，字幕已经成为一门艺术。
Karli belongs to a team of subtitlers who try to make their descriptions as close as possible to the sounds they hear.
卡莉属于一个字幕组，他们试图使自己的描述尽可能接近听到的声音。
Here she tells BBC Radio 4’s Word of Mouth about a time her team found exactly the right word:
她在BBC广播4频道的《口碑》节目中讲述了她的团队找到了一个恰如其分的词:
…so I loved ‘gobsmacked silence’ because you were able to tell that people were almost on the verge of a gasp, or on the verge of a shock, and that was the atmosphere, but there wasn’t actually a sound, so when my colleague came up with that one I definitely wanted to give him a virtual high five.
所以我喜欢“鸦雀无声”，因为你可以看出人们几乎要倒抽气，或者在震惊的边缘，这就是气氛，但实际上并没有声音，所以当我的同事想到这个时，我差点就和他击掌了。
In this scene, the surprised characters were about to gasp – take in a short, quick breath of air.
在这个场景中，人物惊讶地都要倒抽气了——快速吸一口气。
There was no speech or sound in the scene, but Karli’s team found the perfect adjective to describe the silence - gobsmacked, which is slang for being so surprised you can’t speak.
这个场景既没有说话也没有声音，但卡莉的团队发现了一个完美的形容词来形容这种沉默——目瞪口呆，这是一个俚语，意思是惊讶得说不出话来。
This was definitely one description that deserved a high five – lifting up your hand to clap hands with someone else as a greeting or to say ‘well done’.
这绝对是一个值得击掌的描述——举起你的手和别人互击作为问候或代表“做得好”。
In fact, the phrase ‘gobsmacked silence’ was so good it went viral and started being used in all kinds of situations.
事实上，“鸦雀无声”这个短语太棒了，它迅速走红，并开始被用于各种场合。
Maybe gobsmacked was how the viewers of that TV news programme felt, you know, the mistaken subtitle you asked me about in your question.
也许当你问我错误的字幕是什么时，电视新闻节目观众的感受就是目瞪口呆。
I guessed the incorrect subtitle was: We can't allow Spiderman to become prime minister.
我猜错误的副标题是：我们不能让蜘蛛侠当首相。
Which was… the wrong answer, I’m afraid.
恐怕你的答案是错的。
In fact the interviewee said, “we can't allow that man to become prime minister”, speaking about Boris Johnson, but the misheard subtitle appeared as Batman.
事实上，受访者说的是“我们不能让那个人成为首相”，指的是鲍里斯·约翰逊，但误听后写的副标题却变成了蝙蝠侠。
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we’ve learnt from this programme on subtitles, starting with genre – a style of film, music or book with its own particular set of characteristics.
好了，让我们用字幕来回顾一下今天节目中学到的词汇，从类型开始，类型是指具有某种特征的电影、音乐或书籍的风格。
Something which is upbeat is cheerful, hopeful and light-hearted.
“乐观的”意思是欢快的、充满希望的、轻松愉快的。
The adjective jaunty means full of energy and confidence.
形容词“洋洋得意的”意为充满活力和信心。
If you gasp, you take in a short, quick breath of air in surprise or in pain.
如果你倒抽气，那么你就是在惊讶或痛苦中快速吸了一口气。
You can use the slang expression gobsmacked when someone is so surprised they can’t speak.
当某人惊讶得说不出话来的时候，你可以使用俚语目瞪口呆。
And finally, if you give someone a high five, you hold up your hand above your head, clapping hands with somebody else as a greeting, or to say ‘well done!
最后，如果你给某人一个击掌，就是把你的手举过头顶，和别人拍手作为问候，或者代表“做得好!”
Once again our 6 minutes are up.
6分钟时间又到了。
Goodbye for now! Bye!
再见了！拜拜！
