评论
打印
To Monteiro, the bag of sugar on the kitchen counter is a healthy sign, not because sugar itself has any goodness in it, but because it belongs to a person who cooks.
对蒙泰罗来说，厨房台面上的那袋糖是健康的标志，不是因为糖本身有什么好处，而是因为它属于一个做饭的人。
Monteiro’s data suggested to him that the households who were still buying sugar were also the ones who were still making the old Brazilian dishes such as rice and beans.
蒙泰罗的数据表明，仍在买糖的家庭，也是仍在烹饪如米饭和豆子等巴西传统菜肴的家庭。
Monteiro is a doctor by training, and when you talk to him, he still has the idealistic zeal of someone who wants to prevent human suffering.
蒙泰罗是一位训练有素的医生。当你和他交谈时，他仍饱含着理想主义热情，想要阻止人类受苦。
He had started off in the 70s treating poor people in rural villages, and was startled to see how quickly the problems of under-nutrition were replaced by those of tooth decay and obesity, particularly among children.
他从70年代开始行医，在农村治疗穷人，他惊讶地发现，营养不良问题很快就被蛀牙和肥胖问题所取代，儿童群体尤为明显。
When Monteiro looked at the foods that had increased the most in the Brazilian diet – from cookies and sodas to crackers and savoury snacks – what they had in common was that they were all highly processed.
当蒙泰罗着眼于巴西饮食中增加最多的食物，从饼干和汽水，到薄脆饼干和咸味小吃时，他发现这些食物的共同点是，它们都经过了深加工。
Yet he noticed that many of these commonly eaten foods did not even feature in the standard food pyramids of US nutrition guidelines, which show rows of different whole foods according to how much people consume, with rice and wheat at the bottom, then fruits and vegetables, then fish and dairy and so on.
然而，他注意到，许多这些常见的食物甚至都没有出现在美国营养指南的标准食物金字塔中。美国营养指南金字塔根据人们的摄入量对不同的天然食物进行了排列展示，底部是大米和小麦，往上是水果和蔬菜，再往上是鱼和奶制品等等。
These pyramids are based on the assumption that people are still cooking from scratch, as they did in the 50s.
这些饮食金字塔是基于人们仍如50年代那样从零开始做饭的假设。
“It is time to demolish the pyramid”, wrote Monteiro in 2011.
“是时候推翻这个饮食金字塔了，”蒙泰罗在2011年写道。
Once something has been classified, it can be studied.
一旦某物被归类，就可以对此进行研究了。
In the 10 years since Monteiro first announced the concept, numerous peer-reviewed studies on UPFs have been published confirming the links he suspected between these foods and higher rates of disease.
自蒙泰罗首次提出“超加工食品”这一概念以来的10年里，业内发表了众多相关的同行评议研究，证实了他所怀疑的这些食物与较高发病率之间的联系。
By giving a collective name to ultra-processed foods for the first time, Monteiro has gone some way to transforming the entire field of public health nutrition.
蒙泰罗首次将此类食物统称为超加工食品，在某种程度上，改变了整个公共卫生营养领域。
As he sees it, there are four basic kinds of food, graded by the degree to which they are processed.
他认为，按照加工程度分级，存在四种基本的食物。
Taken together, these four groups form what Monteiro calls the Nova system (meaning a new star).
这四组食物合起来构成了蒙泰罗所称的新星系统。
The first category – group 1 – are the least processed, and includes anything from a bunch of parsley to a carrot, from a steak to a raisin.
第一类（第一组），加工最少，包括从一束欧芹到一根胡萝卜，从一块肉排到一颗葡萄干的任何食物。
A pedant will point out that none of these things are strictly unprocessed by the time they are sold: the carrot is washed, the steak is refrigerated, the raisin is dried.
一个学究指出，严格来说，没有任何食物在出售时是未经加工的: 胡萝卜经过了清洗，牛排经过冷藏保存，葡萄干除去了水分。
To answer these objections, Monteiro renamed this group “unprocessed and minimally processed foods”.
为了回应这些反对意见，蒙泰罗将这类食品重新命名为“未加工以及最低程度加工食品”。
