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For four weeks, 10 men and 10 women agreed to be confined to a clinic under Hall’s care and agreed to eat only what they were given, wearing loose clothes so that they would not notice so much if their weight changed.
在四周时间里，10名男性与10名女性同意被关在诊所里，接受霍尔的照顾，他们同意仅食用配给的食物，身着宽松的衣物，这样，如果体重发生变化，他们也不会注意到太多。
This might sound like a small study, but carefully controlled trials like this are considered the gold standard for science, and are especially rare in the field of nutrition because of the difficulty and expense of persuading humans to live and eat in laboratory conditions.
这听起来像是一项小研究，但学界认为像这样精心控制的试验是科学黄金标准，在营养学领域尤其罕见，因为说服人类在实验室环境下饮食、生活的难度和成本都很高。
Barry Popkin, a professor of nutrition at the University of North Carolina, has praised Hall’s study – published in Cell Metabolism – for being “as good a clinical trial as you can get”.
北卡罗莱纳大学营养学教授巴里·波普金称赞霍尔发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上的研究是“你能看到的最好的临床试验”。
For two weeks, Hall’s participants ate mostly ultra-processed meals such as turkey sandwiches with crisps, and for another two weeks they ate mostly unprocessed food such as spinach omelette with sweet potato hash.
在两周内，霍尔实验的参与者主要以是超加工食品为食，如火鸡三明治配薯片，另外两周，实验参与者主要以未加工食品为食，如菠菜煎蛋配红薯泥。
The researchers worked hard to design both sets of meals to be tasty and familiar to all participants.
研究人员努力设计两套让所有参与者都觉得美味和熟悉的餐食。
Day one on the ultra-processed diet included a breakfast of Cheerios with whole milk and a blueberry muffin, a lunch of canned beef ravioli followed by cookies and a pre-cooked TV dinner of steak and mashed potatoes with canned corn and low-fat chocolate milk.
超加工饮食的第一天，早餐是全脂牛奶泡麦圈和一个蓝莓松饼，午餐先是罐装牛肉饺子，接着是一些饼干，晚餐是半成品方便食品：牛肉、土豆泥配罐装玉米、低脂巧克力牛奶。
Day one on the unprocessed diet started with a breakfast of Greek yoghurt with walnuts, strawberries and bananas, a lunch of spinach, chicken and bulgur salad with grapes to follow, and dinner of roast beef, rice pilaf and vegetables, with peeled oranges to finish.
未加工饮食的第一天，早餐是希腊酸奶配核桃、草莓和香蕉，午餐先是菠菜、鸡肉，接着是细麦粒葡萄沙拉，晚餐是烤牛肉、香料饭和蔬菜、再搭配一些去皮的柑桔。
The subjects were told to eat as much or as little as they liked.
实验参与者被告知想吃多少就可以吃多少。
Hall set up the study to match the two diets as closely as possible for calories, sugar, protein, fibre and fat.
霍尔对这项研究进行调整，尽可能使这两套饮食在卡路里、糖、蛋白质、纤维和脂肪方面相匹配。
This wasn’t easy, because most ultra-processed foods are low in fibre and protein and higher in sugar.
这并非易事，因为大多数超加工食品的纤维和蛋白质含量低，糖含量却很高。
To compensate for the lack of fibre, the participants were given diet lemonade laced with soluble fibre to go with their meals during the two weeks on the ultra-processed diet.
为了弥补纤维的缺失，在两周的超加工饮食中，研究人员为参与者提供了带有可溶性纤维的无糖柠檬水去搭配他们的餐食。
It turned out that, during the weeks of the ultra-processed diet, the volunteers ate an extra 500 calories a day, equivalent to a whole quarter pounder with cheese.
结果表明，在超加工饮食的几周内，实验志愿者每天多摄入500卡路里，就相当于多摄入整整0.25磅奶酪的热量。
Blood tests showed that the hormones in the body responsible for hunger remained elevated on the ultra-processed diet compared to the unprocessed diet, which confirms the feeling I used to have that however much I ate, these foods didn’t sate my hunger.
血液测试显示，与未加工饮食相比，超加工饮食中体内负责饥饿感的激素居高不下，这证实了我过去的感觉，即，不管吃多少这些食物，它们都无法充饥。
