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Soon after the arrival in Nepal of brightly coloured packages that, as Aguayo describes them, “look like food for children: the cookies, the savoury snacks, the cereals”, aid workers started to see an epidemic of “both overweight and micronutrient deficiency” including anaemia among Nepalese children under the age of five.
色彩鲜艳的包装食品抵达尼泊尔，按照阿瓜约的描述，这些食品“看起来像儿童食物：饼干、开胃零嘴以及各种麦片。不久之后，援助人员开始发现“超重与微量营养素缺乏”的流行，包括五岁以下尼泊尔儿童的贫血症。
Aguayo says there is an urgent need to change the food environment to make the healthy options the easy, affordable and available ones.
阿瓜约说，迫切需要改变食品环境，让健康的选择变得容易、负担得起、可获得。
Ecuador, Uruguay and Peru have followed Brazil’s example in urging their citizens to steer clear of ultra-processed foods.
厄瓜多尔、乌拉圭和秘鲁效仿巴西，敦促本国公民远离超加工食品。
Uruguay’s dietary guidelines – issued in 2016 – tells Uruguayans to “base your diet on natural foods, and avoid the regular consumption of ultra-processed products”.
乌拉圭于2016年发布的膳食指南要求乌拉圭人“以天然食品为基础饮食，避免经常食用超加工产品”。
How easy this will be to do is another matter.
实现这一目标有多容易则是另一回事。
In Australia, Canada or the UK, to be told to avoid ultra-processed food – as the Brazilian guidelines do – would mean rejecting half or more of what is for sale as food, including many basic staples that people depend on, such as bread.
在澳大利亚、加拿大或英国，告知人们避免食用超加工食品——就像巴西的指导方针所做的那样——将意味着拒绝一半或一半以上出售的食品，包括人们依赖的许多食物必须品，如面包。
The vast majority of supermarket loaves count as ultra-processed, regardless of how much they boast of being multiseed, malted or glowing with ancient grains.
绝大多数超市的面包糕点都可以算作超加工食品，不管它们如何吹嘘自己包含多种谷物颗粒、经麦芽处理，或者如何夸耀自己散发着古老谷物的光泽。
Earlier this year, Monteiro and his colleagues published a paper titled “Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them”, offering some rules of thumb.
今年早些时候，蒙泰罗与同事发表了一篇题为《超加工食品: 它们是什么以及如何识别它们》的论文，提供了一些经验法则。
The paper explains that “the practical way to identify if a product is ultra-processed is to check to see if its list of ingredients contains at least one food substance never or rarely used in kitchens, or classes of additives whose function is to make the final product palatable or more appealing (‘cosmetic additives’)”.
这篇论文解释道，“确定一款产品是否是超加工食品的实用方法是，检查其配料表是否包含至少一种从未或很少在厨房中使用的材料，或者是包含几类其功能是使最终产品变得美味或更有卖相(‘化妆品添加剂’)的添加剂”。
Tell-tale ingredients include “invert sugar, maltodextrin, dextrose, lactose, soluble or insoluble fibre, hydrogenated or interesterified oil”.
暴露的成分包括“转化糖、麦芽糊精、葡萄糖、乳糖、可溶性纤维或不可溶性纤维、氢化油或酯化油”。
Or it may contain additives such as “flavour enhancers, colours, emulsifiers, emulsifying salts, sweeteners, thickeners and anti-foaming, bulking, carbonating, foaming, gelling and glazing agents”.
或者，可能含有如“增味剂、色素、乳化剂、乳化盐、甜味剂、增稠剂、消泡剂、膨化剂、碳酸化剂、起泡剂、胶凝剂、上光剂”的添加剂。
