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But not everyone has time to search every label for the presence of glazing agents.
但并非每个人都有时间去搜索每个标签上是否存在上光剂。
A website called Open Food Facts, run by mostly French volunteers, has started the herculean labour of creating an open database of packaged foods around the world and listing where they fit into on the Nova system.
一个名为“公开食品事实”的网站，主要由法国志愿者运营，已经开始了一项艰巨的工作: 创建一个世界各地包装食品的开放数据库，并列出它们符合新星系统中的哪个星级。
Froot Loops: Nova 4. Unsalted butter: Nova 2. Sardines in olive oil: Nova 3. Vanilla Alpro yoghurt: Nova 4.
果脆圈: 新星级别4。无盐黄油: 新星级别2。橄榄油沙丁鱼: 新星级别3。香草味酸奶: 新星级别4。
Stephane Gigandet, who runs the site, says that he started analysing food by Nova a year ago and “it is not an easy task”.
该网站的运营者斯蒂芬·吉甘代说，他一年前开始通过新星系统分析食物，“这不是一件简单的任务”。
For most modern eaters, avoiding all ultra-processed foods is unsettling and unrealistic, particularly if you are on a low income or vegan or frail or disabled, or someone who really loves the occasional cheese-and-ham toastie made from sliced white bread.
对于大多数现代食客来说，避免所有超加工食品都会令人不安，而且不现实，尤其是如果你是低收入者、素食者、体弱者、残疾人，或者，你偶尔喜欢吃用白面包片制成的奶酪火腿吐司。
In his early papers, Monteiro wrote of reducing ultra-processed items as a proportion of the total diet rather than cutting them out altogether.
蒙泰罗在早期论文中写道，要减少超加工食品在总饮食中的比例，而不是将它们完全减去。
Likewise, the French Ministry of Health has announced that it wants to reduce consumption of Nova 4 products by 20% over the next three years.
法国卫生部同样也宣布，希望在未来三年内将新星级别为4的产品的食用量减少20%。
We still don’t really know what it is about ultra-processed food that generates weight gain.
我们仍然不知道导致体重增加的超加工食品到底是怎么回事。
The rate of chewing may be a factor.
咀嚼速度可能是一个因素。
In Hall’s study, during the weeks on the ultra-processed diet people ate their meals faster, maybe because the foods tended to be softer and easier to chew.
在霍尔的研究中，在使用超加工饮食的几周内，人们进食速度更快，也许是因为这类食物往往更柔软，更容易咀嚼。
On the unprocessed diet, a hormone called PYY, which reduces appetite, was elevated, suggesting that homemade food keeps us fuller for longer.
而在非加工饮食中，一种名为PYY的激素升高，这种激素可以降低食欲，这表明家常菜肴能让我们有更长时间的饱腹感。
The effect of additives such as artificial sweeteners on the gut microbiome is another theory.
人造甜味剂等添加剂对肠道微生物群的影响是另一种理论。
Later this year, new research from physicist Albert-Laszlo Barabasi will reveal more about the way that ultra-processing actually alters food at a molecular level.
今年晚些时候，物理学家阿尔伯特-拉兹洛·巴拉巴西的新研究将揭示更多关于超加工食品在分子水平上改变食物的方式。
In a two-part blog on ultra-processed foods in 2018 (Rise of the Ultra Foods) Anthony Warner, a former food industry development chef who tweets and campaigns as Angry Chef, argued that Nova was stoking fear and guilt about food and “adding to the stress of already difficult lives” by making people feel judged for their food choices.
安东尼·华纳曾是一名食品行业开发厨师，他以“愤怒的厨师”的身份发推文、参加活动。他在2018年发表了一篇关于超加工食品的博文(《超级食品的崛起》)，由两部分组成。他的博文观点是，新星系统让人们觉得自己选择食物受到了评判，从而引发了人们对食物的恐惧和内疚，“给本已艰难的生活增加了压力”。
