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How is it that people really get promoted?
人们到底是怎么升职的？
As the son of a working-class single mother and a first-generation college student, I was always told that it's all about putting my head down, doing the hard work, and letting my hard work speak for itself.
我有一位工人阶级的单亲妈妈，也是第一代大学生，以前，人们总告诉我想要升职，就得埋头苦干，苦活累活全包，我的付出终会被人看见。
It didn't occur to me until I entered into these elite professional spaces, that doing your hard work is part of the equation, but it's not going to be enough if you want to get ahead and build a fulfilling career for yourself.
在我进入精英专业人士阶层之前，我的付出都没有得到相应的回报，辛苦付出是升职的一个因素，但如果你想一马当先并事业有成，只干苦活是不够的。
It's not about following the spoken rules and the written rules.
升职并不是遵守口头规则和书面规则。
It's about understanding what's unspoken.
而是要明白那些没有说出来的话。
The hidden expectations that your managers never tell you.
要懂得你的经理从未告诉过你的那些期望。
My name is Gorick Ng.
我是格里克·纳克。
I'm a career advisor at Harvard, a member of the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Wall Street Journal bestselling author of "The Unspoken Rules: Secrets to Starting Your Career Off Right."
我是哈佛大学的职业顾问，是加州大学伯克利分校的老师，也是《华尔街日报》畅销书《潜规则：正确开始职业生涯的秘密》的作者。
Unspoken rules are certain ways of doing things that are beyond your job description, that you need to know if you want to get ahead and get promoted.
潜规则指的是去做一些超出你的职位描述以外的事情，如果你想要升职，就得明白这一点。
And they're what high performers do that they may not even realize.
表现优秀的员工就会这么做，但他们自己甚至都没有意识到。
When I entered the workforce for the first time, it felt as if I had brought a baseball bat to a hockey game.
我初入职场的时候，感觉就像是带了一根棒球棒去看冰球比赛。
I was swinging and swinging and swinging, trying hard but realizing that I was playing a very different game from everybody else.
我非常努力地去挥拍，却发现自己跟别人打的是完全不一样的比赛。
I was being useful but not impactful.
我做的是有用的事，但没有影响力。
I was putting my head down, doing my hard work, expecting to receive more important responsibilities, not realizing that my coworkers, for example, were certainly doing the hard work, but they were building relationships and putting themselves out there.
我埋头苦干，希望能承担更多重要的责任，完全没有意识到比如说，我的同事，他们当然也干了苦活，但同时也在建立关系，并积极展示自己。
They were being seen, heard, remembered, and ultimately, rewarded.
他们被别人看到、听到、记住，并最终获得了回报。
And it was this observation that led to me realizing that there are insiders and there are outsiders.
正是这个观察，让我发现有局内人和局外人之分。
Insiders are those who have siblings, mentors, parents who've come before them who can hand down some of these unspoken rules informally over the dinner table.
局内人是指那些有兄弟姐妹、有导师、有父母的人，这些人已经拥有了一些经验，他们在饭桌上就会无意间把这些潜规则传递给他们。
Meanwhile, there are outsiders who don't know a soul in this new environment and who end up having to navigate these hidden expectations often through trial and error.
同时，局外人是指在新的环境中毫无头绪的人，他们只能通过实验和犯错去搞明白那些隐藏的期望。
When I was first starting out, I saw a pattern.
刚开始的时候，我发现了一种模式。
I saw some people getting promoted, ending up taking on more important responsibilities.
我看到有些人得以升职，承担了更多重要的责任。
Meanwhile, there were others from under-resourced or underrepresented backgrounds who were struggling and ultimately quitting long before they even had a chance to prove themselves.
同时，还有一些资源不足或背景不那么丰厚的人，在职场上举步维艰，最终在他们还没有机会去证明自己的时候就辞职了。
The workplace is not a level playing field.
职场并不是公平的竞技场。
If you feel like an outsider and you're feeling uncertain about what the expectations are going into a new job, unspoken rules can start bubbling to the surface.
如果你觉得自己是局外人，而且不确定新的工作中有哪些隐藏的期望，那潜规则可能会帮到你。
There are going to be hidden opportunities all around you to speak up, to get yourself invited to a meeting, to build a new relationship, to ask a question.
你周围到处都是潜在的机会，让你去表达自己、被邀请去参加一场会议、去建立新的关系、去提出问题。
These are all things that take a discerning eye to identify.
这些都需要一双敏锐的眼睛去发现。
These unspoken rules are really hidden doors around your workplace where you can unlock opportunity and put yourself on the path to building a fulfilling career.
这些潜规则就是你在职场上的隐形通道，通过它们，你可以抓住机会，干出自己的一番事业。
Knowing the hidden expectations of your new work environment can mean the difference between pulling late nights like I did, doing the wrong work and having to redo all of it again, and doing it once and doing it well.
了解新工作环境中的潜规则，意味着你不需要像我以前那样通宵达旦，做着错误的工作并且多次返工，而是只需要做一遍，就能让领导满意。
It can mean the difference between being seen and recognized by the higher ups and being plucked for a high-profile opportunity and putting your head down waiting for that promotion that may never come.
意味着你可以被上级看到并获得认可，得到大展身手的好机会，而不是只会埋头苦干， 等待着那个或许永远不会出现的晋升。
The key to mastering the unspoken rules is to navigate the hidden expectations of your new role.
掌握潜规则的关键在于应对新角色的隐藏期望。
Over the course of a typical workday, you'll be bombarded with task upon task upon task.
通常在工作日，你会被一项又一项的任务轰炸。
And many people will see these as items to check off a to-do list and to toss back over the fence to a coworker or to a manager.
很多人会认为这就是检查待办事项清单，然后把某些问题抛给同事或经理去解决。
But those who take ownership clarify four things.
但那些承担责任的人会分清楚四类事情。
Why, what, how, and by when.
为什么，什么，怎么样，以及截止到什么时候。
Why is this being assigned in the first place?
最初为什么要布置这项任务？
What's the broader objective? What is the deliverable?
更广泛的目标是什么?什么是可交付的?
Are you looking for bullet points in an email? Are you looking for a 10-page memo?
你是在邮件中寻找要点吗？你想要的是一份10页的备忘录吗?
How do you expect me to do this? Do you expect me to give you a long brainstorm?
你想让我怎么做？你想让我给你来一场长时间的头脑风暴吗？
Do you expect me to go on the internet and look for some options?
你是想让我去网上找找一些选择吗？
Do you expect me to solicit feedback from several coworkers?
你希望我向几个同事征求意见吗?
By when do I need to get this done?
你希望我在什么时间之前完成这些？
And in the workplace, every time there's a formal deadline, there's actually an unspoken, hidden deadline.
在职场中，只要有一个正式的截止日期，就意味着还有一个潜在的、隐藏的截止日期。
So asking these questions, why, what, how, by when, can mean the difference between doing the right job, doing it the right way, and doing it on time, and not.
所以问问这些问题，为什么，什么，怎么样，截止到什么时候，决定着你是否在做该做的工作，是否能正确、按时地完成这些工作。
As nerve-wracking as it can feel to be an other or to be an outsider, it's also a strength.
虽然作为一个另类或局外人会让人神经崩溃，但它也是一种力量。
You're bringing lived experience. You're bringing a perspective.
你会积累鲜活的经验，会带来全新的视角。
You're bringing ideas that other people may not have thought about before.
你会拥有其他人可能从未想过的观点。
What may be uncomfortable to you is actually what this organization, this team, your teammates, desperately need.
让你感到不舒服的东西可能恰恰是这个组织、这个团队、你的队友急需的东西。
This isn't just about thriving, it's about contributing, and it's about making an impact.
它不仅仅关乎职业发展，更是关乎贡献，关乎产生影响。
