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GRE阅读理解(Barron模考)每日一题 第75期

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From the 1900's through the 1950's waitresses in the United States developed a form of unionism based on the unions' defining the skills that their occupation included and enforcing standards for the performance of those skills. This “occupational unionism” differed substantially from the “worksite unionism” prevalent among factory workers. Rather than unionizing the workforces of particular employers, waitress locals sought to control their occupation throughout a city. Occupational unionism operated through union hiring halls, which provided free placement services to employers who agreed to hire their personnel only through the union. Hiring halls offered union waitresses collective employment security, not individual job security—a basic protection offered by worksite unions. That is, when a waitress lost her job, the local did not intervene with her employer but placed her elsewhere; and when jobs were scarce, the work hours available were distributed fairly among all members rather than being assigned according to seniority.

Select a sentence that describes a distinction mentioned in the passage between waitress unions and factory workers'unions

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personnel [.pə:sə'nel]

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n. 职员,人事部门

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control [kən'trəul]

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n. 克制,控制,管制,操作装置
vt. 控制

 
occupation [.ɔkju'peiʃən]

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n. 职业,侵占,居住

 
available [ə'veiləbl]

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adj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的,有效的

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performance [pə'fɔ:məns]

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n. 表演,表现; 履行,实行
n. 性能,本

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occupational [.ɔkju'peiʃnl]

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adj. 职业的

 
security [si'kju:riti]

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n. 安全,防护措施,保证,抵押,债券,证券

 
scarce [skɛəs]

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adj. 缺乏的,不足的,稀少的,罕见的
ad

 
intervene [.intə'vi:n]

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vi. 干涉,干预,插入,介入,调停,阻挠

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protection [prə'tekʃən]

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n. 保护,防卫

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