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An eight-year-old may view a hammer as a toy.
一个八岁孩子也许会把锤子当作玩具。
The parent, however, sees it as a soon-to-be broken finger.
而父母则视为即将砸到手指的危险信号。
Children and parents are rarely on the same page when it comes to potential danger.
面对潜在的危险时，父母和孩子们的脑电波很少在一个频率上。
And when the child is denied a seemingly fun activity with an authoritarian, “No, that's not safe,” there's a high chance of conflict.
“不，这可不安全，”当孩子们总是迫于这样的权力威压不得不放弃自认为有趣的活动时，矛盾冲突便呼之欲出。
But explaining why something is dangerous gets better results, according to a study in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology.
但如果解释为什么危险，则会起到较好的沟通效果，这是根据一项在《儿童心理学》杂志发表的研究得出的结论。
Researchers showed 63 mothers and their eight-and 10-year-olds photos of children engaged in various dicey endeavors, like chopping wood with an axe or riding a skateboard.
研究人员们对63位母亲和她们8至10岁的孩子们展示了多组儿童进行冒险性行为的照片，比如用斧头砍木头或者游玩滑板。
Each pair then tried to agree on a safety rating for each situation.
之后每组母亲和孩子会试着对每种照片上的情况进行安全性评估。
And moms were much better able to convince the child of the danger when they followed a couple of rules.
当大人们按照一些原则进行判断的时候，母亲们对确认孩子们进行的危险活动可以做出很有说服力的意见。
The most convincing moms first focused on the reasons that made the situation dangerous, like that ladder is high and wobbly.
最有说服力的母亲首先是着眼于孩子所处环境的危险性，像是梯子很高，摇摇晃晃等情况。
Next they pointed out possible consequences: if you climb the ladder you could lose your balance and fall.
下一步她们则会指出有可能因此发生的后果：如果你爬上梯子，你有可能会失去平衡并摔下来。
It may sound obvious but the researchers say that offering reasonable explanations allows children to become more skilled at assessing similar situations on their own.
理由听上去是浅显易懂，但研究人员们表示提出合理的解释可以使孩子们变得对自己身处类似环境时候的考量更熟练。
And this will help them avoid learning lessons about potential danger the hard way.
而这将有助于他们对潜在的危险有所防范。
