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As Americans discuss the issue of income inequality in an election year, a new study says rich people will live up to 15 years longer than poor ones.
美国大选年，美国人民都在讨论收入不均的问题，一项新的研究显示富人会比穷人多活15年。
A rich 40-year-old man in the United States can expect to live until about 87.A poor 40-year-old man might only live until 73.
美国40岁左右的富人预计可以活到87岁。但是同年龄的穷人预期寿命是73岁。
The difference in length of the life as it relates to income is part of a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
寿命长短的区别与收入有关，这项新研究发表在《美国医学会杂志》上。
The Health Inequality Project studied about 1.4 billion income tax records from a 15-year period ending in 2014. While people might have guessed that wealth allows for a longer life, the study reviewed more data than any similar studies in the past.
健康不均项目研究了1999年至2014年，15年来14亿笔个人所得税纳税记录。之前人们可能就已经猜到财富有助于长寿，但这项研究所包含的数据比过去任何相似研究的数据都丰富。
Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders is running for the Democratic Party nomination.He often talks of the gap between rich and poor in the United States. Rich people have better access to health care than poor people, and that can increase their lifespan.
佛蒙特州参议员Bernie Sanders是美国大选民主党候选人。他经常谈及美国的贫富差距。富人相比穷人更容易接触到健康护理，这就会增加他们的寿命。
Sanders launched his campaign almost a year ago. In his speech, he said, "the issue of wealth and income inequality is the great moral issue of our time, it is the great economic issue of our time and it is the great political issue of our time."
Sanders一年前就开始了他的竞选运动。在他的演讲中，他说"贫富收入不均是我们当代最大的道德问题，是我们当代最大的经济问题，也是我们当代最大的政治问题。"
Angus Deaton wrote a column about the study on the medical association's website. He says a study like the Health Inequality Project is important because it will help people understand whether "tax and distribution policies could be effective tools of public health and potentially extend life expectancy."
Angus Deaton针对这项研究在医学会网站上写了一个专栏。他说类似于健康不均项目的研究非常重要，因为它帮助人们理解"税收和分配政策是否是提高公众健康，以及潜在增加寿命的有效工具。"
The study backed up the assumption that wealthy people live longer than poor people. But it also revealed something new.
这项研究肯定了富人比穷人寿命长的猜测。但研究也反映了一些新的问题。
The researchers say it is not only bad to be poor. They say it is worse to be poor in certain parts of the United States than others.
研究人员表示不仅贫穷不好。在美国，一些地区的穷人比另一地区的穷人更悲惨。
Poor people in depressed cities like Detroit, Michigan; Toledo, Ohio; and Gary, Indiana are worse off than poor people in places like San Francisco, California and New York City.
生活在密歇根州的底特律、俄亥俄州的托莱多、以及印第安纳州加里这些经济萧条城市的穷人，比生活在旧金山、加利福尼亚和纽约城的穷人更加潦倒。
Recently, the governor of Michigan declared a state of emergency in the city of Flint. The water supply for its 100,000 residents became contaminated with lead.
最近，密歇根州州长宣布弗林特进入紧急状态。10万居民的饮用水遭受铅污染。
Drinking water contaminated with lead is harmful to people's health, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
环境保护署表示铅污染的饮用水对人体健康有害。
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (or NAACP) is an organization that fights against discrimination. It says more would have been done "if nearly 40 percent of Flint residents were not living below the poverty line."
全国有色人种协进会是反对歧视的组织。协会表示"如果只有近40%弗林特居民没有生活在贫困线下"，还需要更多的举措（来改善贫穷）。
The opposite is also true. The researchers say poor people who live near rich people may be healthier because they see better examples of how to live. They also may be healthier because wealthier places usually have better public health services.
反面也成立。研究人员表示与富人毗邻而居的穷人健康状况也会稍好些，因为他们能看到富人如何生活。同时也是因为稍富裕的地方通常有更好的公共医疗服务。
At the same time, poor people will struggle even more in depressed cities.
与此同时，在萧条的城市，穷人还是会为了生存苦苦挣扎。
The authors of the study say they are aware of some of the problems with their report. For example, the study measures life expectancy starting at age 40. That does not fully consider causes of death that affect younger people and children.
这项研究的几位作者表示他们意识到他们报告中的一些问题。例如这项研究从40岁开始衡量人的预期寿命。以致没有充分考虑到影响年轻人和儿童死亡的因素。
They also say there is not a good way to understand some of the coincidental benefits of having a higher income.
他们还表示没有考虑到高收入带来的其他偶然性好处。
Deaton writes the wealthiest people in the United States gain an extra 10-15 years to enjoy their "richly funded lives." And there is no way to put a value on 10-15 years of good living.
Deaton写道美国的富裕阶层多出了10到15年的时间享受他们"富裕的生活"。没有方式可以衡量这10-15年的美好生活。
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