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科学美国人60秒:科学家制造出可与蛇的敏感性媲美的热敏感材料

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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
One of the most exquisite heat sensors in the world—it's not in some government lab. It's in the head of a snake. The pit viper, to be specific.
"They're incredibly sensitive. They beat any of the synthetic counterparts, even the most expensive semiconducting systems used in infrared or thermal cameras today." Chiara Daraio, a materials scientist at Caltech. "They can effectively resolve a few millikelvin of temperature changes at a distance of up to a meter."
Now Daraio and her colleagues have designed a heat-sensing material that competes with the sensitivity of the snake. Using pectin. Same stuff you used to thicken jam. “Pectin, a double-stranded molecule ubiquitously present in the outer cell wall of plant cells, acts effectively as a tiny molecular temperature sensor." When temperatures go up, she says, the double-stranded molecule unzips, "like the zipper of a jacket."

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So they did what you usually do with pectin—they made jelly, using pectin, water and calcium ions. They dried that out, and got a thin, transparent film. Then, they had to test it. Which they realized they could do using a microwave and her son's teddy bear. "Which can be heated up to a temperature of 37 degrees, roughly the temperature of a mouse or a running prey for a snake."
And the pectin film was exquisitely sensitive to the warmed-up teddy bear—on par with the snake. The film could detect temperature changes as small as 10-thousandths of a degree celsius. The study is in the journal Science Robotics.
Daraio says the skin could give robots superior sensing abilities. "Allowing for example robots to determine whether they're moving around inanimate objects, other robots, or even humans or animals, which are evidently warmer bodies." Or, she says, it could be used in sensitive skin on prosthetic limbs for humans. If we can figure out how to connect this artificial skin up to something far more complicated. The brain.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
beat [bi:t]

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v. 打败,战胜,打,敲打,跳动
n. 敲打,

 
temperature ['tempritʃə(r)]

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n. 温度,气温,体温,发烧

 
exquisite ['ekskwizit]

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adj. 精挑细选的,精致的,细腻的,强烈的

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enormous [i'nɔ:məs]

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adj. 巨大的,庞大的

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complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]

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adj. 复杂的,难懂的
动词complica

 
specific [spi'sifik]

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adj. 特殊的,明确的,具有特效的
n. 特

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calcium ['kælsiəm]

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n. 钙

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superior [su:'piəriə]

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n. 上级,高手,上标
adj. 上层的,上好

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molecule ['mɔlikju:l]

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n. 分子

 
sensitive ['sensitiv]

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adj. 敏感的,灵敏的,易受伤害的,感光的,善解人意的

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