1.He was born in poverty and rose through the ranks of workers' unions to become leader of South America's largest country.
rise through the ranks (通过个人奋斗)由寒微发迹
...a quick rise through the ranks
...官职升得很快
2.During his two administrations, he initiated several social welfare programs and resurrected the economy.
initiate发起
They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.
他们想发起一次关于经济学的讨论 。