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1.Chief among them are a serious shortage of food that has pushed more than 9 million people into food insecurity and a sharp spike in the number of COVID-19 cases that has overwhelmed the country’s health care system, one of the weakest in the world.
a shortage of 缺乏
Many stations needed repairs or rebuilding and there was a shortage of rolling stock.
许多车站需要维修或重建，而且铁路车辆也出现短缺。
2.Any further delay creates uncertainty that undermines the transition process, slows the fight against COVID-19, and holds back efforts to end the violence that now threatens the hard-won peace.
hold back 犹豫，阻碍，保留，隐瞒
Stagnation in home sales is holding back economic recovery...
国内销售的停滞不前正阻碍着经济复苏。
