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A new study has found that all dogs have different personalities--even dogs of the same breed.
一项新的研究发现，所有的狗都有不同的性格——即使是同一品种的狗。
Elinor Karlsson studies genetics at the University of Massachusetts.
埃莉诺·卡尔森在马萨诸塞大学研究遗传学。
She co-wrote a report about the study, which appeared recently in the publication Science.
她与其他人共同撰写了一篇有关这项研究的报告，该报告最近发表在《科学》杂志上。
Karlsson said, "Every dog really is an individual."
卡尔森说：“每只狗都是独立的个体。”
Karlsson noted there is "a huge amount of variation" even between dogs that look the same.
卡尔森指出，即使是长相相同的狗也存在着“巨大的差异”。
At a New York dog park, dog owners told The Associated Press about the different characteristics of their pets.
在纽约的一个狗公园，狗主人告诉美联社，他们的宠物有不同的特点。
Elizabeth Kelly owns an English springer spaniel.
伊丽莎白·凯莉有一只英国斯宾格猎犬。
She called her dog friendly, but also "kind of the queen bee."
她称自己的狗很友好，但也称其“有点像蜂后”。
In other words, her dog likes to act like she is in charge of other dogs.
换句话说，她的狗喜欢表现得像是她在负责管理其他狗一样。
Suly Ortiz owns a yellow Labrador.
苏利·奥尔蒂斯有一只黄色的拉布拉多犬。
She described her dog as "calm, lazy and shy."
她形容她的狗“冷静、懒惰、害羞”。
Rachel Kim has a dog that is a mix of several breeds.
瑞秋·金有一只混血狗。
She described the animal as "super independent" and loving.
她形容这只动物“超级独立”，充满爱心。
Dogs first became friendly to humans around 14,000 years ago.
大约在一万四千年前，狗开始对人类友好。
But the idea of dog breeds is much more recent.
但狗品种的概念出现得比较晚。
Around 160 years ago, humans began to breed dogs to have certain physical qualities, such as fur texture and color and ear shape.
大约在160年前，人类开始培育具有某些生理特征的狗，如毛的质地、颜色和耳朵的形状。
Karlsson said her aim was to learn how much a dog's breed affects their behavior.
卡尔森表示，她的目的是了解狗的品种对它们的行为的影响有多大。
The answer? Breed does not decide an individual dog's personality.
答案是什么呢？品种并不能决定狗的性格。
Karlsson's team gathered information from 18,000 dog owners and studied the genetic code of over 2,000 dogs.
卡尔森的研究小组从1.8万名狗主人那里收集了信息，并研究了2000多只狗的遗传密码。
The researchers found that some qualities are based on genetics.
研究人员发现，有些品质是基于基因的。
However, there is no guarantee that two dogs of the same breed will behave in the same way.
然而，并不能保证同一品种的两只狗会有相同的行为方式。
For example, they found golden retrievers that do not retrieve.
例如，他们发现金毛寻回犬不会寻回猎物。
To "retrieve" is to get and bring something back from a place.
“retrieve”的意思是从某地取回某物。
Some breeds, such as huskies and beagles, may be more likely to howl--or make a long, loud barking sound.
一些品种，如爱斯基摩犬和比格犬，可能更喜欢嗥叫——即发出长而响亮的犬吠声。
But many of these dogs do not howl, as owner observations showed.
但根据主人的观察，其中许多狗不会嗥叫。
In addition, the researchers were not able to link aggression to a certain breed.
此外，研究人员无法将攻击性与某一品种联系起来。
Jeff Kidd studies genetics at the University of Michigan.
杰夫·基德在密歇根大学研究遗传学。
He was not involved in the dog project.
他没有参与这项有关狗的项目。
He said the connection between dog breed and behavior "is much lower than most expected."
他说，狗的品种和行为之间的联系“远远低于大多数人的预期”。
Adam Boyko studies genetics at Cornell University.
亚当·博伊科在康奈尔大学研究遗传学。
He also was not involved in the dog research.
他也没有参与这项有关狗的研究。
He noted that Karlsson and her team organized the most data ever about dogs.
他指出，卡尔森和她的研究小组整理了有史以来有关狗的最多的数据。
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
