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Millions of students in the United States go to schools with police officers present.
美国有数百万学生在警察在场的情况下上学。
The officers are known as School Resource Officers, or SROs.
这些警察被称为驻校警察。
They are meant to keep schools and students safe.
他们的目的是保证学校和学生的安全。
Police in schools date back to the late 1940s.
校园警察可以追溯到20世纪40年代末。
But school shootings, including the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012, led to more policing of students.
但校园枪击事件，包括1999年的科伦拜高中枪击案和2012年的桑迪·胡克小学枪击案，导致了对学生的监管力度加强。
Between 2006 and 2018, the number of schools with at least one SRO increased from 42 percent to 61 percent, says the organization the Center for Public Integrity.
“公共正义中心”表示，从2006年到2018年，拥有至少一名驻校警察的学校的数量从42%增加到61%。
But with more officers, students have become more likely to have interactions with law enforcement, which could result in arrest and possible criminal charges.
但随着警察数量的增多，学生与执法部门的互动可能也会越来越多，这可能会导致逮捕和可能的刑事指控。
Federal funding is available for schools that want to hire police.
需要聘用警察的学校可以获得联邦资金。
But following the 2020 murder of George Floyd by a police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, cities and states started to rethink their ideas of policing--and policing in schools.
但在2020年明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市一名警察谋杀乔治·弗洛伊德之后，各市和各州开始重新考虑他们对警察维护治安的想法——以及警察维护学校治安的想法。
Many school districts around the country either defunded or totally removed SRO programs.
美国各地的许多学区要么取消了对驻校警察计划的资助，要么完全取消了驻校警察计划。
Los Angeles, the nation's second-largest school district, cut its SRO budget by one-third.
美国第二大学区洛杉矶削减了三分之一的驻校警察计划的预算。
Chicago, the third-largest, cut it by more than half.
第三大学区芝加哥则削减了一半以上。
Other districts fully ended their agreements with police departments.
其他学区则完全终止了与警察部门的协议。
But now some districts that removed officers are considering bringing them back.
但现在，一些已经撤掉警察的学区正在考虑让他们回来。
Montgomery County, Maryland, largely removed funding for SROs in 2020.
马里兰州蒙哥马利县在2020年基本上取消了对驻校警察的资助。
But this year, district officials said there was an increase in "serious incidents" of crimes including fights and robberies in schools.
但今年，学区官员表示，包括校园斗殴和抢劫在内的“严重犯罪事件”有所增加。
In January, a shooting took place at one of the county's high schools.
今年1月，该县的一所高中发生了枪击事件。
In April, the county voted to bring police officers back to schools.
今年4月，该县投票决定让警察重返学校。
The county says the officers will go through more training than they did before the SRO funding was cut.
该县表示，与驻校警察资金被削减之前相比，这些警察将会接受更多的培训。
Opponents of SRO programs argue that law enforcement is not the answer to safety incidents at schools that are linked to mental health problems.
驻校警察计划的反对者认为，执法不是解决与心理健康问题有关的学校安全事件的方法。
They argue that schools should instead put their funding towards more mental health resources for students, like hiring more social workers and mental health experts.
他们认为，学校应该把资金用于为学生提供更多的心理健康资源，比如聘请更多的社会工作者和心理健康专家。
Studies have also shown that non-white students are much more likely to be referred to police than white students.
研究也表明，与白人学生相比，非白人学生更有可能被移交给警察。
An investigation by the Center for Public Integrity found that Black students are two times more likely to be referred to the police than white students.
“公共正义中心”的一项调查发现，黑人学生被移交给警方的可能性是白人学生的两倍。
Students with disabilities are also two times more likely to be referred to law enforcement.
残疾学生被移交执法部门的可能性也要高出两倍。
Not all referrals, or citations, become arrests with criminal charges.
并不是所有的移交（即传讯）都会变成刑事逮捕。
But a citation may mean a student must appear before a judge or other law enforcement officials.
但传讯可能意味着学生必须出现在法官或其他执法官员面前。
The effects of interactions with police can be serious.
与警察互动的影响可能会很严重。
A 2020 study from Tulane University found that Black students "who experience contact with the police by eighth grade have eleven times greater odds of being arrested when they are 20 years old" than white students.
杜兰大学2020年的一项研究发现，“在八年级前接触过警察的黑人学生在20岁时被捕的几率是白人学生的11倍”。
Research has also shown that officers present in school increases the likelihood children will interact with police.
研究还表明，校园警察增加了孩子们与警察互动的可能性。
A University of Florida study found that "student behavior that would have otherwise occurred and been handled by school personnel is more likely to come to the attention of law enforcement."
佛罗里达大学的一项研究发现，“原本会发生并由学校工作人员处理的学生行为更有可能会引起执法部门的注意。”
In Montgomery County, Black students made up half of all arrests in schools in 2020.
在蒙哥马利县，2020年，黑人学生占学校被捕人数的一半。
But they make up just one-fifth of the student population.
但他们只占学生总人数的五分之一。
Amir Whitaker is with the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California.
阿米尔·惠特克就职于南加州美国公民自由联盟。
He told the Los Angeles Times last year that "the fight to remove school police is part of the fight for racial justice."
去年，他接受《洛杉矶时报》采访时表示，“罢免校园警察的斗争是争取种族正义的斗争的一部分。”
Some districts have found that removing officers from schools may lead to more safety problems.
一些学区发现，将警察从学校撤走可能会导致更多的安全问题。
Alexandria, Virginia decided to remove SROs from city schools in July 2021.
弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市在2021年7月决定将驻校警察从城市学校中撤走。
The city also voted to redirect funding for SROs to mental health services.
该市还投票决定把用于驻校警察的资金转用于心理健康服务。
But after several incidents involving students and guns, the city changed its decision just three months later.
但在发生了几起涉及学生和枪支的事件后，该市在仅仅三个月后就改变了决定。
This year, the city council voted to fund the SRO program through 2023.
今年，该市议会投票决定资助驻校警察计划至2023年。
I'm Dan Novak.
丹·诺瓦克为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
