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Today, we answer a question from Adriana in Uruguay.
今天，我们回答来自乌拉圭的阿德里亚娜的问题。
"Hi, I would like to know tips on how to choose affirmative or negative sentences while using ‘nothing,' ‘no one' or ‘nobody,' or ‘anything,' ‘anyone' or ‘anybody.' ...
“嗨，我想知道nothing、no one、nobody、anything、anyone或anybody，哪些在肯定句中使用，哪些在否定句中使用。”
I sometimes make mistakes with this issue.
我有时会在这个问题上犯错误。
And thus, the sentence can be confusing for the listener.
因此，这个句子可能会让听者感到困惑。
Would you mind clarifying it? Thank you."Adriana, Uruguay.
你可以帮忙解释一下吗？谢谢你。”——阿德里亚娜，乌拉圭。
Dear Adriana, Thank you for writing to us.
亲爱的阿德里亚娜，谢谢你给我们写信。
There is a general Standard English grammar rule in that you can only have one negative in a sentence.
有一个标准的英语语法规则，在一个句子中只能有一个否定句。
However, local speech around the country does not always observe that rule.
然而，全国各地的口语并不总是遵守这一规则。
With that in mind, we see that "anything" is a word English speakers use to express "a thing of any kind" in a question or a negative statement.
考虑到这一点，我们就会明白，说英语的人在疑问句或否定句中用“anything”来表达“任何一种东西”。
Here are examples of both:
下面是两种情况的例子：
Do they have anything to eat?
他们有什么吃的吗？
They do not have anything to eat.
他们没有东西吃。
Remember, the negative statement can only have one negative, and, here, it is the word "not."
记住，否定句只能有一个否定词，在这里，就是“not”这个词。
This works the same way with the other words you asked about, "anyone" and "anybody." For example,
你问的其他单词“anyone”和“anybody”也是一样的。例如,
Has anyone come to pick up the mail today?
今天有人来取邮件吗？
I have not seen anyone this morning.
今天早上我没见过任何人。
The negative answer uses "not" and "anyone."
否定回答用“not”和“anyone”。
You can also add "never" to make a negative statement, as in:
你还可以加上“never”来表达否定的意思，例如:
They never found anybody to do that job.
他们从未找到做那项工作的人。
Now, let us look at the negative forms, "nothing," "nobody" and "no one."
现在，让我们来看看否定词，nothing, nobody和no one。
We use these to talk about an absence or lack of a thing or a person.
我们用这些词来表示某人或某物的缺席。
The verb form that appears with these words is always singular because you cannot have more than one of nothing!
与之搭配的动词总是使用单数形式，因为你不可能从nothing里找出大于1的东西来。
Starting with "nothing," you can apply our rule again to create a statement with only one negative.
从“nothing”开始，您可以再次应用我们的规则来创建一个只有一个否定的语句。
Here is how we can use anything and nothing together.
以下是我们如何将anything和nothing一起使用的方法。
Is anything happening at your school today?
今天你们学校有什么事吗？
There is nothing happening at school. Today is a holiday.
学校里什么也没发生。今天是假日。
We can use "nobody" in the same way: in answer to a question that uses "anybody."
同样地，我们也可以用“nobody”来回答一个用“anyone”的问题。
Did anybody help you write the letter?
有人帮你写这封信吗？
Nobody helped me. I did it all by myself.
没人帮我。我自己写的。
Here are two simple rules:
这里有两个简单的规则:
Use "anything" and other words with "any" in questions and statements that include "not" or "no."
在包括“not”或“no”的疑问句或陈述句中，使用“anything”或其他与“any”连用的词。
Use "nothing" and the like in statements where there is no other negative word.
在没有其他否定词的陈述句中使用“nothing”或类似的词。
I hope that helps to answer your question, Adriana.
我希望这有助于回答你的问题，阿德里亚娜。
And that's Ask a Teacher.
以上就是本期的《名师答疑》。
I'm Jill Robbins.
我是吉尔·罗宾斯。
