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There are a range of companies who are not covered by the narrow health privacy regulations we have.
有一系列公司不在我们的健康隐私法规的覆盖范围内。
And so they are free legally to collect and even share and sell this kind of health data,
因此，他们可以合法地自由收集、甚至分享和出售这种健康数据，
which enables a range of companies who can't get at this normally, advertising firms, Big Pharma, even health insurance companies to buy up this data
这使得一系列按常规无法获得这些数据的公司，广告公司、大型制药公司，甚至医疗保险公司可以购买这些数据，
and mass to do things like run ads, to profile consumers to make determinations potentially about health plan pricing.
并大规模地做一些事情，比如投放广告，分析消费者，以对潜在的健康计划定价做决定。
And the data brokers enable these companies to get around health regulations.
数据中介使这些公司能够绕过健康法规。
To get that information in the first place.
在第一时间获得这些信息。
Let's just say someone is watching this or reads your report and is concerned that they might have some information out there that they want to protect, can they call the companies and say, do not share it?
假设有人正在看这篇报道、阅读你的报告，并担心他们可能有一些他们想要保护的信息，他们能打电话给这些公司说不要分享吗？
Can they get those companies to delete that data?
他们能让这些公司删除这些数据吗？
What can a consumer do to protect themselves?
消费者可以做些什么来保护自己？
There are some places in the United States where consumer can tell a company in certain scenarios to not sell their information.
在美国的一些地方，消费者可以在某些情况下告诉公司不要出售他们的信息。
California, for example, under its state privacy rules, allows consumers to do this.
例如，根据加州隐私法规，该州允许消费者这样做。
But not every state has these rules.
但并不是每个州都有这些规定。
We don't have these rules federally to apply across the country.
这些联邦规定并非在全国范围内都适用。
And the real challenge here is that most people aren't aware of this data is being collected and sold on them in the first place.
真正的挑战是，大多数人一开始并没有意识到这些数据被收集和出售了。
And even if you knew it was, would you know every data broker to go to, to tell them to stop selling the information, right?
即使你知道信息被卖了，你也不可能认识每个数据中介，去找他们，然后告诉他们停止出售信息，对吗？
So, the obscurity of the marketplace and the fact that many of these companies operate in the shadows, makes it really, really hard for consumers themselves to be able to do anything without stronger privacy regulations from the government.
人们对这个市场的不了解，以及对许多公司暗箱操作事实的不了解，如果没有政府更严格的隐私监管，这使得消费者自己很难做任何事情。
Do you know of any, any initiatives or effort by the government to try to tighten those privacy regulations?
你知道政府有没有任何举措或活动试图加紧制定这些隐私法规？
There are some efforts underway.
目前正在进行一些努力。
So the Federal Trade Commission, the FTC, for example, recently took action against GoodRx, which is a large online prescription provider and telehealth company.
以联邦贸易委员会（FTC）为例，他们最近采取行动对抗GoodRx，这是一家大型在线处方提供商和远程医疗公司。
Because GoodRx was falsely advertising to its users that it was regulated by health privacy laws when it wasn't.
因为GoodRx向用户虚假宣传，称公司受健康隐私法监管，但事实并非如此。
And it was secretly sharing user's health data with Facebook and Google and other companies.
GoodRx还秘密地与脸书、谷歌和其他公司分享用户的健康数据。
And so there is some space for regulators to come in and say, this is deceptive to consumers. This is not something that should be happening.
因此，监管机构有一定的空间介入，他们表示这是对消费者的欺骗。这种事情不应该发生。
There have also been a couple of bills at the federal level to address this.
联邦层面也有一些法案来解决这个问题。
But we still have these privacy battles ongoing in Congress.
但国会仍在进行隐私之争。
And it's an open question.
这是一个悬而未决的问题。
You know if we're going to get there.
你知道我们是否能实现目标。
All right, Justin Sherman at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy, thank you so much.
好，以上是杜克大学桑福德公共政策学院的贾斯汀·谢尔曼的发言，非常感谢你。
Thanks for having me.
谢谢你邀请我。
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