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American researchers suggest in a new study that humans will need to create very Earth-like conditions to survive for long periods in space.
美国研究人员在一项新的研究中提出，人类需要创造非常类似地球的环境才能在太空中长期生存。
The study comes as the American space agency NASA prepares to return astronauts to the moon with its Artemis program.
这项研究发布之际，美国航空航天局准备通过阿尔忒弥斯计划让宇航员重返月球。
NASA recently announced its next crew of astronauts who will take part in a test mission to fly around the moon.
美国航空航天局最近宣布了下一批参加绕月飞行测试任务的宇航员。
In the more distant future, NASA plans to launch missions to Mars.
在更遥远的未来，美国航空航天局计划开始火星任务。
The study was recently published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences.
这项研究最近发表在《天文学与空间科学前沿》杂志上。
It describes conditions that would likely be needed to support long-term human life in space or on other planets.
它描述了支持人类在太空或其他星球上长期生活可能需要的条件。
The study was carried out by a team from Cornell University in New York state and the Norfolk Institute in Virginia.
这项研究是由纽约州康奈尔大学和弗吉尼亚州诺福克研究所联合开展的。
The study centered on issues such as dealing with gravity and oxygen in space, collecting water, developing agriculture and getting rid of waste in space.
这项研究的重点是处理太空中的重力和氧气、收集水、发展农业和消除太空垃圾等问题。
One of the researchers was Morgan Irons, a doctoral student at Cornell.
其中一名研究人员是康奈尔大学的博士生摩根·艾恩斯。
She cooperated with other scientists to explore important physical needs humans would require during future space travel.
她与其他科学家合作，探索人类在未来太空旅行中需要的重要生理需求。
She said in a statement that life in space would require a "natural ecosystem" to support humans and their necessary equipment.
她在一份声明中说，太空生活需要一个“自然生态系统”来支持人类及其必要的设备。
"Without these kinds of systems, the mission fails," Irons added.
“如果没有这些系统，任务就会失败，”艾恩斯补充道。
Another co-writer of the study was Lee Irons.
这项研究的另一位合著者是李·艾恩斯。
He is Morgan's father and heads the Norfolk Institute, a group that seeks to "work toward the resiliency" of humans on Earth and in space.
他是摩根的父亲，也是诺福克研究所的负责人。诺福克研究所是一个致力于让地球和太空中的人类“恢复能力”的组织。
Lee Irons said one of the biggest problems for humans in space will be issues related to gravity.
李·艾恩斯说，人类在太空中面临的最大问题之一将会是与重力相关的问题。
Humans experience lower levels of gravity in space.
人类在太空中的重力水平较低。
He noted that a lack of gravity can change the fluid pressure in living things.
他指出，失重会改变生物体内的流体压力。
This can lead to health problems for humans living in space.
这可能会给生活在太空中的人类带来健康问题。
"An example of gravity imbalance would be the negative effect on the eyesight of humans in Earth orbit," Lee Irons said.
“重力失衡的一个例子是对地球轨道上人类视力的负面影响，”李·艾恩斯说。
This would be a problem in space because an individual would not have the weight necessary to keep the same fluid pressure the body was used to on Earth.
这在太空中将会是一个问题，因为人没有必需的体重来保持身体在地球上所习惯的相同的液体压力。
The researchers said they first had to study the long-term physical needs of humans – both on Earth and in space.
研究人员表示，他们首先必须研究人类在地球和太空中的长期生理需求。
They are proposing that space mission planners seek to find ways "to recreate the same evolutionary, ecological, networks that make Earth successful."
他们建议太空任务规划者寻求方法“重建使地球成功的进化的生态网络”。
Morgan Irons said billions of dollars could be wasted on setting up a space settlement only to see it fail.
摩根·艾恩斯表示，数十亿美元可能会被浪费在建立太空定居点上，结果却只能眼睁睁地看着它失败。
"Because even with all other systems in place, you need gravity."
“因为即使有所有其他系统，你也需要重力。”
She added, "There is just no other place in space where there is 1G of gravity; that just doesn't exist anywhere else in our solar system. That's one of the first problems we must solve."
她补充说，“太空中没有其他地方有1G重力，太阳系里的其他地方也没有1G重力。这是我们必须解决的首要问题之一。”
1g is another term for what scientists call "normal gravity," or the gravity that exists on the Earth's surface.
1g是科学家所说的“正常重力”的另一个术语，也就是存在于地球表面的重力。
It can be measured as the rate of speed at which an object travels when falling to the ground, NASA explains.
美国航空航天局解释说，可以用物体落地时的速度来测量重力。
The team says oxygen is another important consideration.
该团队表示，氧气是另一个重要的考虑因素。
The researchers say space agencies would need to build high-technology main and backup oxygen systems to support long-term human life in space.
研究人员表示，太空机构将需要建造高科技的主氧气系统和备用氧气系统，以支持人类在太空中的长期生活。
But what if they fail?
但如果他们失败了怎么办？
One suggestion from the study is to deploy living things to produce oxygen.
该研究给出的一个建议是利用生物来生产氧气。
"Think of the hundreds of thousands of species of plants that make oxygen," Lee Irons said.
李·艾恩斯说：“想想成千上万种制造氧气的植物吧。”
He added that that kind of system would be needed to support long-term missions in space and on planets.
他补充说，需要这种系统来支持在太空和行星上进行的长期任务。
The other main requirement would be a huge amount of energy from the sun, the study suggests.
研究表明，另一个主要需求是来自太阳的巨大能量。
The researchers noted that as astronauts travel farther from the sun, they will be able to collect less and less solar energy.
研究人员指出，随着宇航员离太阳越来越远，他们能够收集的太阳能将会越来越少。
"You'll need a lot of energy," Lee Irons said.
李·艾恩斯说：“你需要很多能量。”
"Otherwise powering the ecological system of an outpost will be like trying to run your car on a cell phone battery."
“否则，为空间基地的生态系统供电就像试图用手机电池驱动汽车一样。”
I'm Bryan Lynn.
布莱恩·林恩为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
