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The disease dengue is spreading across the Western Hemisphere in numbers not seen since record-keeping began in 1980.
自1980年开始有记录以来，登革热正以前所未有的速度在西半球传播。
Experts are warning that rising temperatures and growing cities are increasing the rate of infection.
专家警告说，气温上升和城市发展正在使感染率增加。
More than 4 million cases have been reported throughout the Americas and the Caribbean so far this year, breaking a record set in 2019.
今年到目前为止，美洲和加勒比地区已报告了400多万例病例，打破了2019年创下的纪录。
Officials from the Bahamas to Brazil are warning of crowded health centers and new infections daily.
巴哈马和巴西等地的官员警告说，卫生中心挤满了人，每天都有新的感染病例。
Reports say there have been more than 2,000 deaths across the wide area.
报道称，该地区已有2000多人死亡。
Thais dos Santos is with the Pan American Health Organization, the area office of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Americas.
泰斯·多斯桑托斯就职于泛美卫生组织，该组织是世界卫生组织的美洲区办事处。
She said diseases like dengue, "provide us a really good sentinel of what is happening with climate change."
她说，诸如登革热之类的疾病“为我们提供了一个观察气候变化的非常好的哨兵。”
A lack of good sanitation and strong health systems have added to the rise in cases.
缺乏良好的卫生设施和强大的卫生系统加剧了病例的增加。
But experts say droughts and floods linked to climate change are causing greater spread of the virus.
但专家表示，与气候变化相关的干旱和洪水正在导致病毒传播速度加快。
That is because stored water and heavy rains appeal to mosquitoes.
这是因为储存的水和大雨会吸引蚊子。
Dr. Gabriela Paz-Bailey is chief of the dengue branch for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Puerto Rico.
加布里埃拉·帕兹-贝利博士是美国疾病控制与预防中心在波多黎各登革热疾病分部的负责人。
She noted that higher temperatures also are expanding the mosquito's habitat and helping the virus develop faster inside the mosquito.
她指出，更高的温度也会使蚊子的栖息地扩大，并帮助病毒在蚊子体内更快地发展。
That leads to higher viral loads and a higher chance of transmission.
这会导致更高的病毒载量和更高的传播几率。
This year's Northern Hemisphere summer was the hottest ever, with August about 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer than pre-industrial period averages.
今年北半球的夏季是有史以来最热的，8月份的气温比工业化前的平均气温高出约1.5摄氏度。
And Copernicus, the European climate service, reported that 2023 is the second hottest year on record.
欧洲哥白尼气候变化服务局报告称，2023年是有记录以来第二热的一年。
Worldwide, more than 4.5 million cases of dengue had been reported as of early November.
截至11月初，全球报告的登革热病例已超过450万例。
There have been more than 4,000 deaths reported in 80 countries.
据报道，80个国家已有4000多人死亡。
Countries like Bangladesh are seeing a record number of cases and deaths.
孟加拉国等国的病例和死亡人数都创下了纪录。
The government in the South Asian country has reported more than 313,700 cases and more than 1,600 deaths.
这个南亚国家的政府已经报告了超过31.37万例病例，超过1600人死亡。
Most of the deaths happened within three days of hospitalization.
大多数病例是在住院后三天内死亡。
The mosquito that carries dengue also has been identified in 22 European countries, with local spread of the disease seen in France, Italy and Spain.
携带登革热病毒的蚊子也已在22个欧洲国家被发现，法国、意大利和西班牙也出现了本地登革热病毒传播的情况。
In August, the central African country of Chad reported its first dengue outbreak in history.
今年8月，中非国家乍得报告了其历史上首次登革热疫情。
Dengue affects some 129 countries, with roughly half the world's population at risk, says the WHO.
世界卫生组织表示，登革热影响了大约129个国家，世界上大约一半的人口处于危险之中。
Infected female mosquitoes pass the virus when they feed on animals.
感染病毒的雌性蚊子在吸食动物血液时会传播病毒。
The sickness can cause severe headaches, fever, vomiting, rash and other signs.
这种疾病会导致严重的头痛、发烧、呕吐、皮疹和其他症状。
While most infected people do not get symptoms, severe cases can lead to plasma leakage and death.
虽然大多数感染者没有症状，但严重的病例可能会导致血浆渗漏和死亡。
What is worse, experts say, repeated infections means a higher risk of developing severe dengue.
专家称，更糟糕的是，反复感染意味着患严重登革热的风险更高。
The Caribbean also is battling an increase in cases.
加勒比地区也在与病例增加作斗争。
The area had reported a 15 percent increase in confirmed cases by early October compared with the same period last year, says the Caribbean Public Health Agency.
加勒比公共卫生局表示，截至10月初，该地区报告的确诊病例与去年同期相比增加了15%。
Officials on the French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique declared an epidemic in August that is still ongoing.
加勒比海法国属地瓜德罗普岛和马提尼克岛的官员在8月份宣布疫情仍在继续。
Martinique is reporting an average of 800 cases a week on the island of some 394,000 people.
马提尼克岛约有39.4万人口，平均每周报告800例病例。
Meanwhile, Jamaica and the Bahamas declared an outbreak in September followed by Barbados in October.
与此同时，牙买加和巴哈马于9月宣布爆发疫情，巴巴多斯随后于10月宣布爆发疫情。
Poor countries struggle the most with dengue.
贫穷国家深受登革热病毒困扰。
Bad sanitation creates a good reproduction environment for infected mosquitoes.
恶劣的卫生设施为感染病毒的蚊子创造了良好的繁殖环境。
Poor housing conditions leave people at greater risk of exposure to mosquitoes.
恶劣的住房条件使人们接触蚊子的风险更大。
Dengue outbreaks can crush already poor and overworked health systems.
登革热疫情可能会摧毁贫穷国家本已不堪重负的卫生系统。
Jeremy Farra is chief scientist for the WHO.
杰里米·法拉是世界卫生组织的首席科学家。
He said dengue is very difficult to treat partly because patients often delay in seeking medical care.
他说，登革热很难治疗，部分原因是患者经常延误就医。
The virus can progress so quickly, he said.
他说，登革热病毒传播速度非常快。
Treating those with the disease requires very close patient supervision and a lot of time.
治疗这种疾病需要非常密切地监督患者的病情和大量的时间。
Farra said, "Imagine that you have a thousand people like that requiring all that delicate clinical care. It can very quickly overwhelm a system."
法拉说：“想象一下，你有1000个需要细致临床护理的病人。这很快就会压垮一个系统。”
I'm Dan Novak.
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译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
