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An illustrated edition of Margaret Atwood's book The Handmaid's Tale was released in 2019.
玛格丽特·阿特伍德的著作《女仆的故事》插图版于2019年发行。
The book is widely considered a classic work about the oppression of women.
这本书被广泛认为是一部关于妇女受压迫的经典作品。
An illustrated version of the book would help it reach teens who struggle with words alone.
该书的插图版版本将有助于其向那些不喜欢阅读纯文字的青少年进行宣传。
Educators in Clayton, Missouri, needed little debate before deciding to keep copies of the book in high school libraries.
密苏里州克莱顿市的教育工作者几乎没有经过讨论，就决定在高中图书馆中保留这本书。
But Missouri legislators passed a law in 2022 punishing librarians with fines and possible imprisonment for permitting sexually explicit materials on bookshelves.
但密苏里州的立法者在 2022 年通过了一项法律，对允许在书架上摆放色情材料的图书管理员处以罚款和可能的监禁。
The school system reconsidered the new Atwood edition and later removed it from libraries.
学校系统重新考虑了新版的《女仆的故事》，之后将其移出了图书馆。
Across the country, book bans and attempted book bans are becoming more common.
在全国范围内，禁书和试图禁书的现象越来越普遍。
Public and school-based libraries have seen a rise in complaints from community members and conservative activists.
社区成员和保守派积极分子对公共图书馆和学校图书馆的的投诉增加。
Now, some lawmakers are considering adding new threats: legal action, high fines, and even imprisonment for distributing books that some consider to be obscene or inappropriate.
现在，一些立法者正在考虑增加新的约束：对传播淫秽或不适当的书籍的人采取法律行动、高额罚款甚至监禁。
Obscene means related to sex in an offensive way.
淫秽意为与性有关的冒犯性行为。
No librarian or educator has been jailed yet.
目前还没有图书管理员或教育工作者入狱。
But the possibility of punishment has led to more self-censorship.
但是因为担心可能会受到处罚导致自我审查行为越来越多。
Already this year, lawmakers in more than 15 states have introduced bills to place severe penalties on libraries or librarians.
今年，已有超过15个州的立法者提出了对图书馆或图书管理员施加严厉惩罚的法案。
Utah passed legislation in March that empowers the state's Attorney General to enforce a new system that can remove "sensitive" books from schools.
犹他州在3月份通过了一项立法，授权该州总检察长实行一款新的系统，该系统可以从学校中移除“敏感”书籍。
In Idaho, lawmakers are considering a bill that empowers local prosecutors to bring legal action against public and school libraries if they do not keep "harmful" materials away from children.
在爱达荷州，立法者正在考虑一项法案, 该法案授权当地检察官对公共图书馆和学校图书馆提起法律诉讼，前提是一些图书馆仍然向儿童开放这些“有害”材料。
Deborah Caldwell-Stone is director of the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom.
黛博拉·考德威尔·斯通是美国图书馆协会知识自由办公室主任。
She said, "The laws are designed to limit or remove legal protections that libraries have had for decades."
她说：“这些法律旨在限制或取消图书馆几十年来的法律保护。
Since the early 1960s, places like schools, libraries and museums have largely been safe from costly lawsuits or criminal charges.
自20世纪60年代初以来，学校、图书馆和博物馆等地方基本上不会受到代价高昂的诉讼或刑事指控。
Educators, librarians and other workers who give out materials to children have also been safe.
向儿童分发材料的教育工作者、图书馆管理员和其他工作人员也是安全的。
These protections began appearing in states as American lawmakers and others debated standards surrounding obscenity.
随着美国立法者和其他人就有关淫秽的标准展开辩论，这些保护措施也开始出现在各州。
The term was defined by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1973.
这一术语是由美国最高法院于1973年定义的。
The high court justices found that the First Amendment does not automatically protect obscene materials.
高等法院法官发现，第一修正案并不会主动保护淫秽材料。
For something to be "obscene," it must meet three requirements.
对于“淫秽”的东西，它必须满足三个条件。
One requirement is that the work must lack "serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value."
其中一个要求是作品必须缺乏“严肃的文学、艺术、政治或科学价值”。
Over time, almost every American state created protections for educators, librarians and museum officials.
随着时间的推移，美国几乎每个州都为教育工作者、图书馆管理员和博物馆官员制定了保护措施。
This prevented "prosecutions of teachers over health and sexuality curriculum, art, theater, and difficult subjects in English classes," says a 2023 report from EveryLibrary.
2023年发表于《每日图书馆》的一份报告中提到，这预防了“教师因健康和性课程、艺术、戏剧和英语课堂上的困难科目而被起诉”。
The group, a national political action committee, opposes censorship.
该组织是一个全国性的政治行动委员会，反对审查制度。
But last year, Arkansas and Indiana targeted educators and librarians with criminalization laws.
但去年，阿肯色州和印第安纳州针对教育工作者和图书管理员颁布了刑事犯罪法。
And the state of Tennessee criminalized publishers that provide "obscene" materials to public schools.
田纳西州将向公立学校提供“淫秽”材料的出版商定为是刑事犯罪。
Indiana lawmakers took away "educational purposes" as a defense for school librarians and educators charged with giving minors "obscene" or "harmful" material.
印第安纳州的立法者取消了“教育目的”为向未成年人提供“淫秽”或“有害”材料的学校图书馆管理员和教育工作者的辩护条件。
Doing so are crimes punishable by up two and half years in jail and $10,000 in fines.
这样做是犯罪，最高可判处两年半监禁和1万美元罚款。
The law requires public lists of what is in each school library.
法律要求公开每个学校图书馆的藏书清单。
It also requires libraries to set up a system to respond to complaints about the available materials.
它还要求图书馆建立一个系统以回应可用材料的投诉。
Indiana's law took effect January 1.
印第安纳州的这项法律将于1月1日生效。
Diane Rogers is a school librarian who serves as president of the Indiana Library Federation.
黛安·罗杰斯是一名学校图书管理员，现任印第安纳州图书馆联合会主席。
She said of the new law, "It's putting fear into some people.
她谈到这项新法律时说：“它让一些人感到恐惧。
It's very scary."
这是非常可怕的。”
She added that teachers who face charges because of the new law could lose their right to teach, even if they are found innocent.
她补充说，即使因为新法律而面临指控的教师被判无罪，他们也可能会失去教书的权利。
I'm Dan Novak.
我是丹 · 诺瓦克。
