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【例】Those boys have nothing to do but yawn at each other.
男孩子们无事可做，只能互相对着打哈欠 。
The baby awakened with a yawn.
婴儿打了个哈欠，醒了过来。
【记】联想记忆：en(使)+sure（肯定）--使肯定--保证
【例】In the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and ensure that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant.
20世纪60年代中期，它追求降低劳动成本，减少供应商数量，并保证它的炸薯条在每一家餐馆的味道都一样。(2003)
【用】当表示"确保安全"时，ensure后一般接against或from。
【辨】assure, ensure，assure既可指保证某事，又可指使某人确信某事，后面必须跟人称代词或指人的名词作宾语，常与介词of连用，如：Their guarantee assures customers of fast delivery; ensure指确保、担保
某件事或行为会发生，也可指保证某人得到好处或确保某人不受伤害。
【记】联想记忆：ideal(理想)+ize(使…化)--将…理想化
【例】Our first view of this city is meant to be idealized.
我们时这个城市的第一印象注定被理想化了。
【记】词根记忆：val(价值)+id--有价值的--正确的；有效的
【例】Their theory proved to be valid.他们的理论被证明是正确的。
I had the feeling that someone was about to walk into the room-some other woman, the unseen, valid owner-and ask me what in hell I was doing in her kitchen.
我感觉到有人将要走进房间--另一位女士，一位从未见过的真正主人--她会问我到底在厨房里干什么。(2004)
【派】validity[n．（法律上）有效，合法；合逻辑，正确（性）]
【记】和rub(v．擦，摩擦)一起记
【例】The right hand stays faintly blue no matter how hard he scrubs.
无论怎样用力擦洗，他的右手还是有淡淡的蓝色。
The family scrubbed the vacation plan because of the bad weather.
由于糟糕的天气，这家人取消了度假计划。
【记】联想记忆：dis(除去)+qualify（使有资格）--吊销资格
【例】Eight athletes were disqualified from the championships after failing the drug test.
8名运动员因药检不合格失去了锦标赛的参赛资格。
【用】disqualify的常周搭配是disqualify sb. from doing sth.
【例】That trumpet player was certainly loud. But l wasn't bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.
吹喇叭的人的确很吵，但是更让我烦扰的不是他的吵闹，而是他没有天赋的吹奏。(2004)
【例】Larry never says harsh word about others.
拉里从不用刻薄的话来谈论其他人。
I think I should be harsh with you from now on.
我想从现在开始我应该对你严厉一点了。
