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2014年6月英语六级阅读理解模拟题附答案(1)

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  Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.
  The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
  “If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
  A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.
  In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

  A)mental
  B)promise
  C)kill
  D)avoid
  E)hope
  F)especially
  G)aid
  H)ordinary
  I)approval
  J)monetary
  K)generally
  L)improve
  M)challenging
  N)restore
  O)excellent

重点单词   查看全部解释    
restore [ri'stɔ:]

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vt. 恢复,修复,使复原

 
monetary ['mʌnə.teri]

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adj. 货币的,金融的

 
cognitive ['kɔgnitiv]

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adj. 认知的,认识的,有认识力的

 
avoid [ə'vɔid]

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vt. 避免,逃避

联想记忆
opposing [ə'pəuziŋ]

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adj. 反作用的,反向的,相反的,对立的 动词oppo

 
dependence [di'pendəns]

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n. 依赖,信赖,上瘾

联想记忆
achievement [ə'tʃi:vmənt]

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n. 成就,成绩,完成,达到

 
mental ['mentl]

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adj. 精神的,脑力的,精神错乱的
n. 精

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external [ik'stə:nl]

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adj. 外部的,外面的,外来的,表面的
n.

 
social ['səuʃəl]

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adj. 社会的,社交的
n. 社交聚会

 

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