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Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks—that is, instability, unclear responsibilities and the need to be a master of all trades.
在一家新的企业工作伴随着很多风险——不稳定，责任不明确，还要精通所有行业。
But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company.
但最主要的好处通常是在一家前途光明的新公司中担任一个角色所带来的激情和兴奋。
The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur.
为那种激情和兴奋，我们要感谢的人往往都是企业家。
There's something about the founder's energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team.
创业人的精力和热情感染了团队的其他成员。
The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous.
他们愿意冒险的精神可能会激励别人变得更勇敢。
The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters.
他们的乐观和积极可以让人们少关注琐碎和不重要的事情。
The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.
庆祝里程碑可能会促使员工更加感激自己的成就和特权。
What becomes set in the firm's culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions which are usually shared among the team.
企业文化中会形成一种积极向上的情绪，这些情绪通常会遍布整个团队。
Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow.
科学已经很好地证明了由此产生的结果。
These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharper alertness.
包括更好的流程、更强的团队凝聚力、减少冲突和更敏锐的警觉性。
But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder's passion leads to increased team performance.
但还有待证明的是，创始人的激情是否会提高团队绩效。
This was recently tested in research,which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy.
这在最近的一项研究中得到了验证，该研究分析了来自IT、医药和能源等一系列行业的73家新公司的团队。
The CEOs were consulted once again, years after the initial analysis, and most shared their firm's performance reports, so that their success could be more objectively measured.
与第一次分析相隔数年后，首席执行官们再次被咨询，大多数人分享了他们公司的业绩报告，以便更客观地衡量他们的成功。
Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases.
创业团队的发展通常会经历三个阶段。
The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow.
第一个是发明一种产品或服务，第二个是成立一家公司销售该产品或服务，第三个是发展公司，使其持续增长。
The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing a firm—there's a clear link to performance.
研究人员发现，当团队在第三阶段对公司发展充满热情时，这与绩效有明显的联系。
But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later.
但是第一阶段——对发明的热情——并不能可靠地表明公司在几年后还会继续营业。
Likewise, the second—a passion for founding the venture—doesn't necessarily translate into great success.
同样地，第二阶段——对创业的热情——并不一定就能转化为巨大的成功。
The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism: developing the business.
优秀的团队绩效源于愿意招募能够将他们的激情引向创业的第三阶段的人：发展业务。
Employing more staff can, in itself, be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them.
雇佣更多的员工本身对企业家来说是一种风险，支付高额工资来吸引他们也是同理。
On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.
很多时候，企业家报告说，为了支付工资和开支，他们一开始根本没有给自己发工资。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
请根据你听到的录音回答问题16至问题18。
Question 16: What does the speaker say about working for a new venture?
问题16：关于在一家新企业工作，讲话者说了什么?
Question 17: What has science demonstrated regarding the positive culture of a new venture?
问题17：关于新企业的积极文化，科学证明了什么?
Question 18: What does the speaker say about entrepreneurs at the initial stage of a new venture?
问题18：关于创业者的初期阶段，讲话者说了什么？
