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Passage Two
短文二
For many managers and people who work in leadership positions, dealing with emails is a dilemma.
对于许多经理和在领导岗位上工作的人来说，处理电子邮件是一种困境。
It's likely the unpredictable uncontrollable and ongoing nature of day-to-day email, in terms of volume, importance, and urgency contributes to their levels of anxiety and to diminished leadership skills,
就数量、重要性和紧迫性而言，日常电子邮件的不可预测、不可控制和持续的性质可能会助长他们的焦虑程度并减弱领导技能，
that's because it's not unusual for many leaders to prioritize email management over people management.
这是因为许多领导者总是将电子邮件管理置于人员管理之上。
An obsession with managing their inbox prevents them from dealing with their employees.
对管理收件箱的执念使他们无法与员工打交道。
As a result, they ignore the issues that might only be mild problems at first, until unfortunately, they inevitably transform into a major problem or crisis by virtue of neglect.
结果，他们忽视了那些一开始可能只是轻微问题的问题，直到不幸的是，由于忽视，它们不可避免地变成了一个大问题或危机。
As leaders, they are expected to motivate and inspire their team in pursuit of longer-term strategic goals.
作为领导者，他们被期望激励和鼓舞他们的团队从而追求长期的战略目标。
And also, less ambitiously, but more practically to monitor their daily output to set clear expectations and to give regular feedback.
还有，少些野心，但更实际地监控他们的日常产出，设定明确的期望，并定期给予反馈。
When presented with a choice between the appeal of their inbox and other more important activities many sacrificed the latter.
当面临收件箱的吸引力和其他更重要的活动之间的选择时，许多人牺牲了后者。
Daily email demands have a negative impact on their goal progress,
日常邮件需求对他们的目标进度有负面影响，
this is because leaders must divert resources from other tasks to check, filter and respond to emails.
这是因为领导者必须从其他任务中转移资源来检查、过滤和回复邮件。
The solution is cultivating self-control, which is like a muscle, it can be strengthened or improved overtime through exercise.
解决办法是培养自制力，它就像肌肉一样，可以通过锻炼来加强或改善。
Some suggestions include, making space in your diary for the only periods during which you will be checking emails.
一些建议是，在你的日志中只留出检查邮件的时间。
Setting a timer for yourself, so you don't become distracted by your inbox for too long.
为自己设置一个计时器，这样你就不会被收件箱分心太久了。
Turning off email alerts so you're not interrupted by them.
关闭电子邮件提醒，这样你就不会被它们打扰。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据你刚听到的短文回答问题12到问题15。
Question 12: What does the speaker say is a common problem with managers?
问题12:叙述者说经理们普遍存在的问题是什么?
Question 13: What may happen when managers ignore minor problems?
问题13:当管理者忽视小问题时会发生什么?
Question 14: What are leaders expected to do and pursuing their strategic goals?
问题14:领导者在追求战略目标时应该做什么?
Question 15: How can a manager best avoid being distracted by email?
问题15:经理如何才能最好地避免被电子邮件分心?
