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Recording 1
录音1
What makes humans different from other species?
是什么使人类不同于其他物种？
Some philosophers argue it's morals or ethics.
一些哲学家认为是道德或伦理。
While some scientists assert it's our greater cognitive development, but I argue that the main difference is our desire to combat routine.
有些科学家认为这是因为我们认知能力更强，但我认为主要的区别在于我们对抗日常生活的欲望。
This makes being creative a biological mandate, as what we seek in art and technology is surprise, not simply a fulfillment of expectations.
这使得创造性成为一种生物学任务，因为我们在艺术和科技中所追求的是惊喜，而不仅仅是对期望的实现。
As a result, a wild imagination has characterized the history of our species.
因此，狂野的想象力已经成为我们物种历史的特征。
We build intricate habitats, devise complex recipes for our food, wear clothes that reflect constant changes in fashion, communicate with elaborate signs, symbols, and sounds, and travel between habitats on wings and wheels of our own design.
我们建造复杂的栖息地，设计复杂的食谱，穿着反映不断变化的时尚的服装，用精细的符号、标志和声音进行交流，并且借助我们设计的翅膀和轮子在不同的栖息地间旅行。
To satisfy our appetite for novelty, innovation is key. But who innovates?
为了满足我们对新奇事物的胃口，创新是关键，但是谁在创新呢？
Now, many people, both laymen and experts, believe that only geniuses innovate.
现在，许多人，包括外行和专家，都相信只有天才才能创新。
But I believe that innovation is not something that only a few people do.
但我认为创新不是少数人才能做的事。
The innovative drive lives in every human brain, and the resulting war against the repetitive is what powers the massive changes that distinguish one generation from the next.
创新的动力存在于每个人的大脑中，而对于重复性的抗衡正是推动巨大变革的力量，形成一代人与下一代人之间的差异。
The drive to create the new is a trait of being human.
创造新事物的动力是人类的一种特性。
We build cultures by the hundreds and tell new stories by the millions.
我们建立了数百种文化，讲述了数百万个新故事。
We create and surround ourselves with things that have never existed before, while animals do not.
我们创造了以前从未存在过的东西，而动物却没有。
But where do our new ideas come from?
但是，我们的新想法是从何而来呢？
According to many, new ideas come from seemingly nowhere, to great minds.
根据许多人的说法，新想法似乎无处不在，来自伟大的头脑。
From this perspective, new ideas are almost like magic.
从这个角度来看，新想法几乎就像魔法一样。
They come in a flash of inspiration to a select few.
有些新想法会在一些人的脑中灵光一现。
However, the reality is that, across the spectrum of human activities, Prior work propels the creative process.
然而，事实是，在人类各种活动的范围内，先前的工作推动着创造过程。
We may think of innovation as being the result of inspiration or genius, but it's really the result of developing the ideas of others further.
我们可能认为创新是灵感或天才的结果，但实际上它更多是对他人想法进一步发展的结果。
This happens in technology, where one invention enables or inspires further inventions.
这种情况在科技领域经常发生，一个发明促进或激发了更多的发明。
And it happens in the arts, as writers, composers, and painters.
在艺术领域也同样如此，作家、作曲家和画家都会有这样的情况。
Use the work of previous artists in their own work.
他们会在自己的作品中运用前人的艺术作品。
The human brain works from precedent.
人类的大脑是依据先例工作的。
We take the ideas we've inherited and put them together into some new shape.
我们把继承下来的想法组合在一起，形成新的形态。
What is a true creator? Is a creator a genius who makes something out of nothing? No.
什么是真正的创造者？创造者是无中生有的天才吗？不。
Creators are simply humans who use what they inherit who absorb the past and manipulate it to create possible futures.
创作者只是利用所继承的东西，吸收过去，并操控它们来创造可能的未来。
Thus, humans are creators as a rule rather than as an exception.
因此，人类通常是创造者，而不是例外。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
请根据你刚刚听到的录音回答16 - 18题。
Question 16. What question does the speaker address in this talk?
问题16.讲话者在这篇讲座中提到 了什么问题？
Question 17. What does the speaker believe about innovation?
问题17.讲话者相信有关创新的什么信息？
Question 18. How does the human brain work according to the speaker?
问题18.在讲话者看来，人类的大脑是如何工作的？
