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Passage 2
文章2
Climate scientists predict that many parts of the world will be increasingly prone to floods.
气候科学家预测，世界上许多地区将越来越容易发生洪水。
This is a serious risk to human lives and property, so understanding and accurately forecasting flood risks is a key challenge for vulnerable cities around the globe.
这是对人类生命和财产的严重威胁，因此了解和准确预测洪水风险是全球较脆弱城市面临的一项关键挑战。
In 2017, Derek Roloftis of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science started a project called Catch the King.
2017年，弗吉尼亚海洋科学研究所的德里克洛夫蒂斯启动了一个名为“捕捉国王”的项目。
It uses a smartphone app. to collect the data of ordinary citizens during high tides.
它使用智能手机应用程序在涨潮时收集普通市民的数据。
He'll use those data to validate and improve his mathematical flooding model called Tide Watch.
他将利用这些数据来验证和改进他的数学洪水模型--潮汐观察。
Loftus mission is to know where the water goes before it goes there.
洛夫蒂斯的任务是在水到达目的地之前知道它的去向。
But collecting necessary data and then processing that information quickly enough to make usable forecasts is anything but easy.
但是，收集必要的数据，然后对这些信息进行快速处理，再做出有效预测，绝非易事。
Accurate flood forecasts require an understanding of the situation on the ground.
准确的洪水预报需要了解地面的情况。
By the early 2000s, supercomputing had advanced enough that scientists could integrate weather forecasting models with such measurements.
到21世纪初，超级计算机已经足够先进，科学家可以将天气预报模型与此类测量数据结合起来。
But they still didn't have the critically important ability to forecast fast moving floods in real time.
但他们仍然缺乏在实时情况下准确预测快速涌水的关键能力。
So, in 2017, Loftis and colleagues set up a group of 28 internet connected water level sensors throughout the flood risk community of Norfolk, Virginia.
因此，在2017年，洛夫蒂斯和他的同事们在弗吉尼亚州诺福克的洪水风险社区建立了一组28个互联网连接的水位传感器。
The new sensors relay rough measurements about water height and movement to a computer at the Virginia Institute.
这些新传感器向弗吉尼亚研究所的计算机传送有关水位和水流动态的粗略测量数据。
Along with those sensors, hundreds of local citizens take photos of rising tides and transmit them real time to the Institute.
除了这些传感器外，数百名当地居民拍摄上涨潮水的照片，并实时传输给研究所。
Scientists hope that the data collected by these citizens can help sharpen the ability to forecast exactly when and where damaging floods will occur.
科学家们希望这些市民收集的数据能够帮助提高对破坏性洪水何时何地发生的准确预测能力。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据你刚刚听到的文章回答12 - 15题。
Question 12. What is said to be a key challenge for cities prone to floods?
问题12.据说易受洪水侵袭的城市面临的关键挑战是什么？
Question 13. For what purpose does Derek Loftis collect the data of ordinary citizens during high tides?
问题13.德里克·洛夫蒂斯在涨潮时收集普通市民的数据，他的目的是什么？
Question 14. What does the passage say is Derek Loftis's mission?
问题14.文章中说德里克·洛夫蒂斯的任务是什么？
Question 15. What did Loftis and his colleagues do to obtain data about water height and movement?
问题15.洛夫蒂斯和他的同事是如何获取有关水位和流动情况的数据的？
