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现代大学英语精读(第2版)第二册:U9B Understanding Society and Culture Through Eating(6)

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Finally, what is eaten establishes one's social, religious, and ethnic memberships. The coarse black bread that is the standard food of a European peasant is a function of social rank, and so is the meal of roast dog that was served to the Aztec noble. Who can mistake the status of a German who drinks Trockenberenauslese, a wine made from grapes so rare that finding enough to produce a single bottle is a day's work even for a skilled picker? The surest way of discovering a family's ethnic origins is to look into its kitchen. Long after dress, manners, and speech have become indistinguishable from those of the majority, the old food habits continue as the last traces of the previous culture. Taboos against certain foods mark one as believing in a particular religion: Moslems and Jews reject pork, Hindus beef, and some Protestant groups alcohol. Food customs as a badge of rank are particularly evident in India, where rules for each social group define both whom a person is permitted to marry and also with whom that person is permitted to eat; the interweaving of these prohibitions tends to keep young people in the same group as their parents.

最后,一个人所吃的食物可以用来确定其社会、宗教和种族身份。欧洲农夫日常食用的粗黑面包能够显示出其食用者的社会等级,而当烤狗肉大餐被阿兹特克贵族享用时情况也一样。谁会弄错一个喝特罗肯比勒瑙斯利泽酒(贵腐颗粒葡萄酒)的德国人的地位呢?制造这种酒的葡萄十分稀有,要找到能够酿造一瓶酒所需的葡萄甚至需要一个熟练的采摘工人工作一整天。判断一家人种族背景的最准确的方式是查看厨房。着装、礼节和谈吐在与主流社会混同很长时间之后,早已不是能够用来进行区别的标志了,可是从古老的饮食习惯中却一直可以找到原有文化的痕迹。从对某些食物的禁忌可以看出宗教信仰:穆斯林和犹太人不吃猪肉,印度教徒不吃牛肉,新教有些派别的教徒不喝酒。饮食作为等级标志在印度表现得尤为明显,在那里,各社会等级都有规矩,不仅限定结婚对象,还限定只能和哪些人同桌而食;这些禁律互相交织在一起,使得年轻人只能和他们的父辈属于同一个等级。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
coarse [kɔ:s]

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adj. 粗糙的,非精制的,粗俗的

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rank [ræŋk]

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n. 等级,阶层,排,列
v. 分等级,排列,

 
previous ['pri:vjəs]

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adj. 在 ... 之前,先,前,以前的

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alcohol ['ælkəhɔl]

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n. 酒精,乙醇,酒

 
status ['steitəs]

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n. 地位,身份,情形,状况

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kitchen ['kitʃin]

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n. 厨房,(全套)炊具,灶间

 
majority [mə'dʒɔriti]

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n. 多数,大多数,多数党,多数派
n.

 
permitted

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adj. 被允许的 v. 允许(permit的过去分词)

 
function ['fʌŋkʃən]

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n. 功能,函数,职务,重大聚会
vi. 运行

 
define [di'fain]

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v. 定义,解释,限定,规定

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