What we are driving at is this: "Importances is a judgment people make. Of course, there are some events—the assassination of a president, an earthquake, etc.-that have near universal interest and consequences. But most news does not inhere in the event. An event becomes news. And it becomes news because it is selected for notice out of the buzzing, booming confusion around us. This may seem a fairly obvious point but keep in mind that many people believe that the news is always out there, waiting to be gathered or collected. In fact, the news is more often made rather than I gathered. And it is made on the basis of what the journalist thinks is important or what the journalist thinks the audience thinks is important or interesting. It can get pretty complicated. Is a story about a killing in Northern Ireland more important than one about a killing in Morocco? The journalist might not think so, but the audience might.
我们旨在说明如下一点：“重要性”是由人决定的。当然，有一些大事一总统遭刺杀、地震等等——会得到几乎全球的关注，其带来的后果也是全球性的。但是大多数新闻不具备这个特点。一个事件变成一件新闻，是因为我们从周遭的一片混沌中把它挑选出来使其成为新闻。这点非常明显，但要注意，很多人认为新闻就在那里，我们要做的只是把它们搜集报道出来而已。但事实上，新闻是做出来的，而不是搜集出来的。不仅如此，新闻是基于记者的理念之上做出来，记者认为重要的，或者他们认为读者会觉得重要又有趣的事情才会加以报道。这个过程很复杂。发生在北爱尔兰的杀戮比在摩洛哥的更重要吗？记者也许不这样想，但读者可能这样想。
Which story will become the news? And once selected what point of view and details are to be included? After all, once a journalist has chosen an event to be news, he or she must also choose what is worth seeing, what is worth neglecting, and what is worth remembering or forgetting. This is simply another way of saying that every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story. The reporters's previous assumptions about what is "out there" edit what he or she thinks is there. For example, many journalists believe that what is called "the Intifada" is newsworthy. Let us suppose that a fourteen-year-old Palestinian boy hurls a Molotov cocktail at two eighteen-year-old Israeli soldiers. The explosion knocks one of the soldiers down and damages his left eye. The other soldier, terrified, fires a shot at the Palestinian that kills him instantly. The injured soldier eventually loses the sight of his eye. What details should be included in reporting this event? Is the age of the Palestinian relevant? Are the ages of the Israeli soldiers relevant? Is the injury to the soldier relevant? Was the act of the Palestinian provoked by the mere presence of Israeli soldiers? Was the act therefore justified? Is the shooting justified? Is the state of mind of the shooter relevant?
那么哪个事件可以作为新闻？一旦选定，什么样的观点和细节应该包含其中？归根结底，记者选定要报道的新闻后，还要思考什么值得报道，什么需要舍弃，什么值得纪念，什么需要忘记。每一个新闻故事都反映出说这个故事的记者本人。记者原来对前去采访的地方会遇到什么情况的种种假设，会对他或她在那里的所见所闻进行编纂或删减。例如，很多记者认为所谓的“巴勒斯坦人暴动”有新闻价值。让我们假设一个十四岁的巴勒斯坦少年向两个十八岁以色列士兵投掷莫洛托夫燃烧弹，爆炸击倒了其中一位士兵并伤及他的左眼。另一位受到惊吓的士兵立即举枪射杀了这位少年。受伤士兵最终失去了他的左眼。在报道这起事件的时候，到底要包含什么细节？巴勒斯坦少年的年纪需要报道吗？那两位士兵的年纪呢？士兵所受的伤害呢？少年仅仅看到士兵就愤怒伤人这件事要报道吗？他的行为正当与否呢？射杀他的行为呢？射击他的士兵的心理状态呢？
来源:可可英语 http://www.kekenet.com/daxue/202003/606927.shtml
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