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Conversation Two
对话二
Good news and bad news.
好消息和坏消息。
You know, it seems like every month, I interview someone like you on the first Friday of the month, and they say, good news, bad news.
我似乎在每个月的第一个星期五都会采访像你这样的人，他们说，好消息，坏消息。
That’s right. There’s a reason for that, the good news, 200,000 jobs in a month added. That’s great.
没错。这是有原因的，好消息是，一个月增加了20万个工作岗位。太好了。
The bad news, the level of pain out there has not changed.
坏消息是，人们的痛苦程度并没有改变。
There’s still about 20 million people who are either unemployed, working part time, but would like full-time jobs, or not in the labor force, but would like to be in the labor force.
仍有大约2000万人要么失业，做兼职工作，但想要得到全职工作，要么不是劳动力，但想要成为劳动力。
That number is just stable, and it’s a lot of pain.
这个数字是稳定的，这是非常痛苦的。
The unemployment rate stayed constant, but that’s because we added 200,000 jobs, added 200,000 people to the labor force.
失业率保持不变，但这是因为我们增加了20万个工作岗位，增加了20万劳动力。
That’s right. But think of the population and think of the number of people in the population who are working.
没错。但想想人口数量，想想这些人中有多少人在工作。
That tells you how healthy the economy is, how good the job market is.
这告诉你经济有多健康，就业市场有多好。
That number plummeted in the recession, and has barely climbed back up.
这一数字在经济衰退期间大幅下降，几乎没有回升。
We’re not at pre-recession on levels.
我们的经济水平还没有回到衰退前的水平。
Indeed the so-called employment-to-population ratio has been below 60 percent for five years now, down almost one-seventh from the ratio pre-recession, to a low last seen in the Reagan recession of the early 80’s.
事实上，所谓的就业/人口比率已经连续五年低于60%，比经济衰退前下降了近七分之一，上一次达到最低点是80年代初里根经济衰退时期。
Now, the economy is adding jobs.
现在，经济正在增加就业机会。
In fact, May marked a milestone.
事实上，5月是一个里程碑。
Five years after the end of the great recession, we have finally regained the nearly nine million jobs that were lost.
在大衰退结束五年后，我们终于恢复了失去的近900万个工作岗位。
But Osterman, who has researched the quality of the new jobs, says they represent no progress in wages for the economy as a whole.
但研究过新工作岗位质量的奥斯特曼表示，这些工作岗位并不代表整体经济的工资水平有所提高。
Twenty to 25 percent of all adults who are working are in poverty level jobs, jobs that if they worked full-time, full year, wouldn’t raise them above 125 percent of the poverty rate for a family of three.
在所有有工作的成年人中，有20%到25%的人从事的是贫困级别的工作，只有他们全职、全年工作，这些工作才会使他们的贫困水平低于三口之家125%的贫困率。
In May, for example, some of the biggest job gains were in health care.
例如，5月，医疗保健行业的就业岗位增幅最大。
Seems promising. Yet many of those jobs are low-paying.
看起来很有希望。然而，其中许多工作的薪资很低。
Health care is very bifurcated, polarized industry.
医疗保健是一个两极分化的行业。
You have got the doctors and nurses at the top.
医生和护士在顶端。
You have got the home health care aides.
中间是家庭健康护理助手。
You have got CNAs, the certified nursing assistants, at the bottom.
低端是认证护理助理。
These bottom jobs are going to grow immensely because of the retirement of the baby boom, because of the demand for home health care.
由于婴儿潮一代退休以及对家庭医疗保健的需求，这些底层工作岗位将会大幅增长。
And so a growth in health services, while expected, doesn’t necessarily lead to better jobs at all.
因此，医疗服务的增长虽然在意料之中，但并不一定会带来更好的工作。
“Consider the entire economy,” say Osterman, “and what the average job has been paying.”
“考虑一下整体经济，”奥斯特曼说，“以及工作的平均薪酬。”
If you look at wage growth in the economy, over the last 12 months, it’s been about 2.1 percent.
如果你看看经济中的工资增速，在过去的12个月里，它大约是2.1%。
That’s barely ahead, barely ahead of inflation, so people are not going ahead in terms of their earnings in this recovery.
这只是勉强超过了通货膨胀率，所以在这轮经济复苏中，人们的收入并没有占优势。
