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一、现在完成时考点
现在完成时主要有两种用法，即持续性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影响性用法(或叫已完成用法)。持续性用法表示动作发生于过去，但在过去并未完成，而是从过去一直持续到现在，此时多半会连用表示持续性的时间状语；后者指的是动作发生于过去，且在过去已经完成，但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响，而说话者正好要强调的就是这个影响，此时一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。如：
1. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science _________ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill. (广东卷)
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
【分析】答案选 B。由表示对照的Years ago和recent可知，“以前不知”，但“现在已经证明了”，所以用现在完成时。
2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _________ that they won't support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷)
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
【分析】答案选B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除选项A和C；由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”，所以排除D，而选B 。
另外，同学们还要特别注意以下这些习惯上要与现在完成时连用的短语和句型：so far(到目前为止)，since(自从)，in [for, during] the past [last]...years(在过去…年中)，by now (到现在为止)，up to [until] now (到现在为止)，It's [will be] the first time that...(第一次……)等。如：
3. My brother is an actor. He _________in several film so far. (浙江卷)
A. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
【分析】答案选 C。so far(到目前为止)通常与现在完成时连用。
4. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since 1992. (山东卷)
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
【分析】答案选 B。since 1992这类时间状语通常与现在完成时连用。主句主语是the country life，句中he was used to是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
二、过去完成时考点
过去完成时是一种相对时态，即以某一过去时间作参照，过去完成时表示的动作发生在这一过去时间的更过去，所以我们可以简单地用“过去的过去”这五个字来理解过去完成时态。如：
1. He _________more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (北京卷)
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
【分析】答案选 D。因为上大学是过去，学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
2. When the old man _________ to walk back to his house, the sun _________ itself behind the mountain. (湖北卷)
A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid
【分析】答案选 A。根据句意，“开始回房子”发生在过去，“太阳落山”是在“开始回房子”之前，故过去的过去。
3. Father _________for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him. (福建卷)
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
【分析】答案选 D。根据“我没见到他”可知，“在我到达”前“父亲已经去伦敦”了，即父亲去伦敦发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
4. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _________ placed under the Minister's car. (广东卷)
A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be
【分析】答案选 C。因为这个小盒子“被放在部长车下”发生在“引起警察注意”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
5. "Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate." "Oh ! I thought they _________ without me." (江西卷)
A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone
【分析】答案选D。因为thought(原以为)用的是过去时，所以他们“走了”就是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
