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n. 多样，种类，杂耍
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Unit 19 Modern Agriculture Reading MODERN AGRICULTURE
第19单元 现代农业 阅读 现代农业
For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China did not change very much.
数千年来，中国传统的农业耕作方式变化不大。
Most farms were one-family businesses.
大多数的农田用单一化农作物的耕作模式。
Although China is a very big country ,
虽然中国幅员辽阔。
only seven percent of the land can be used for farming.
但仅有百分之七的土地适于耕种。
It is on this arable land
就是在仅有适于耕种的土地上。
that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
农民们为全中国的广大人口生产着粮食。
Farmers in China have long used techniques such as
中国的农民一直沿用技术诸如
fertilization and irrigation to make their land produce more.
施肥和灌溉等手段来提高土地产量。
Over time,many farming techniques have been modernized:
随着时间的推移，许多耕作技术已经现代化了。
chemical fertilizers are now used and electric pumps are used in irrigation.
如今使用化肥和电力灌溉。
To make as much use of the land as possible,
为了最有效利用土地资源。
two or more crops are planted each year where possible.
可能的地方每年要种植两种或更多的农作物。
Rice,cotton and vegetable seeds are sometimes grown in special seedbeds
有时，大米，棉花和蔬菜种子要在苗床培育
before they are planted in the fields.
然后移栽到农田中。
This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.
这可以节省时间，让农民在每个季节里再种一茬作物。
More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in the 1980s.
更先进的技术知识是从20世纪80年代，从国外引进。
Import of technology and machines,and the international exchange of delegations
科枝和机械的进口，以及国际间的交流
have helped Chinese farmers improve their production.
帮助中国农民增加了产量。
It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques
从20世纪90年代初，科学家就开始开发新技术。
to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
农业增产对环境无污染的。
Chemical fertilization,for example,help to produce better crops,but is harmful to the environment.
例如，化肥有助于增产，但它对环境有害。
New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to the environment.
新的技术必须既增加农业生产又有益于环境。
Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
未来的农业既必须依靠高科技又要依靠传统的方式。
Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.
粮食生产是重要的但保护环境同样重要。
The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.
目前，中国农民面临最大的问题是缺乏适于耕种的土地。
Using the latest technologies,Chinese scientists grow vegetables in greenhouses.
利用最新技术，中国科学家已能在温室种植蔬菜。
The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth
这些蔬菜不是植根于土
but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.
而是吊挂在含有它们生长所需的各种营养水中。
Today,many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses
如今，许多蔬菜不是生长在菜园里而是长在温室里。
where they are protected from the wind,rain and insects.
他们不受到风雨和害虫的侵袭。
The temperature is controlled with computers,no matter how the weather is outside.
温室里的温度由电脑控制，不管外面的天气怎样。
Another technique tries to create plants that produce more and bigger fruit.
另外一项技术是试图开发能够结出更多更大水果植物。
In 1993,a kind of tomato was developed
1993年，一种西红柿问世了
that was very different from any grown before.
那是与普通品种迥然不同的。
It was developed using a technique known as GM.
它的开发靠的是一种叫做GM的技术。
"G" stands for"genetically "from the word "genes".
G代表"基因"，源自"基因一词，
"M" stands for"modified",which means "changed".
"""M""代表""变更""。"
In other words,the way tomatoes grow from a natural seed is changed.
换句话说，西红柿从自然种籽生长的方式改变了。
The new tomatoes are bigger and healthier.
新的西红柿更大，更健康。
They can grow without danger from diseases.
这样的西红柿不会受到疾病的威胁。
They also need much less time to get ripe.
而且，它们生长成熟所需的时间要少得多。
The tomato is one of nearly 4,500 different plants that are genetically modified.
西红柿是大约4500个不同品种转基因植物中一例。
In China,about one hundred research stations
在中国，有大约100个研究所
are now doing GM research to make better tomatoes,cotton,tobacco,
正在从事转基因的探索工作，以研制更好的西红柿，棉花烟草，
green peppers,flowers,watermelons,soybeans,fish and of course rice.
青椒，花卉，西瓜，大豆，鱼，当然还有水稻。
A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless
有一种转基因的西瓜将是无籽的
and there is GM rice sometimes called "golden rice",
还有一种转基因水稻，有时称作“黄金水稻。
which will have more vitamins and can grow in poor soil.
它将富含维他命并可以在较为贫瘠的土豪中生长。
| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| variety | [və'raiəti] | |||
| arable | ['ærəbl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| wheat | [wi:t] | |||
| advanced | [əd'vɑ:nst] | |||
| environment | [in'vaiərənmənt] | |||
| produce | [prə'dju:s] | 联想记忆 | ||
| controlled | [kən'trəuld] | |||
| technique | [tek'ni:k] | |||
| plough | [plau] | |||
| genetically | [dʒe'netikəli] |
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