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n. 多样，种类，杂耍
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INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading and writing
综合技能 读，写
FARMING AND GARDENING
农业和园艺业
Agriculture has a long history in China.
农业在中国有很长的历史。
Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists
早期中国科学家积累的许多很多经验和知识
is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.
在今天仍然对农民和园艺工人很有裨益。
One of China's early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie.
贾思勰是中国最早的农业科学家之一。
Who lived in the sixth century AD.
他生活在公元6世纪，
He was born in Yidu,Shangdong Province.
他出生在山东益都。
He spent his time on research into agriculture.
他毕生从事农业研究。
He collected information,studied it,
他收集信息，研究资料，
did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
进行实验，并向农民学习取经。
Around 540 AD,he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu.
公元540年左右，他写了一本叫做《齐民要术》的书。
The book is about both farming and gardening.
这本书谈耕作和园艺。
It includes advice on the following subjects:
它包含对以下课题的提议:
growing green vegetables and fruit trees,
蔬菜果树的栽培，
keeping cows,sheep and fish in lakes.
牛羊的饲养，湖泊养鱼。
There are also instructions for making wine.
书中还说明了如何酿酒。
For centuries after Jia Sixie died,
在贾思勰去世后的许多世纪中，
his book was studied by Chinese farmers and students of farming.
在国农民和农业专业的学生还在学习他的这本书。
Jia Sixie's book is a practical guide to farming.
贾思勰的书是耕作的实用指南。
Firstly,as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.
首先，作为农民，应该不违农时。
If you sow seeds and grow young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year,
如果你播种和育苗都很适时
your work will be less and the results will be better.
你就会花的劳动少而收效大。
But if you go against the nature
但是如果你违反自然法则
and do things atthe wrong time of the year,
不适时耕作，
you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.
你就费力大而且收获少。
The condition of the soil is also very important.
土壤的条件也很重要。
Examine the soil on your farm carefully.
仔细观察土壤。
If the condition of your soil is not good,you should improve it.
如果土壤条件不好，你就应当改良它。
Before sowing or planting crops,
在播种庄稼之前，
rough ground must be cleaned and weeds removed.
先平整土地，清除杂草
Let sheep or cows walk on the land.
让牛羊在地里走过。
The animals will destroy the weeds or eat them.
牛羊会把杂草踩死或吃掉
The land should also be ploughed,so weeds are destroyed.
还应当用犁耕地，以除杂草。
When you plough the soil,
耕地时，
plough deep the first time and less deep the second time.
第一次要深耕，第二次要浅耕。
So the autumn ploughing should be deeper than the spring ploughing.
因此秋耕要比春耕深。
The best harvest is reached when farmers change the crops in their fields.
当农民变换地里的作物时，就会获得好收成。
For example,do not plant rice year after year in the same field.
例如，不要年复一年地在同一块地里种稻谷。
But if you plant rice in a field one year
如果在一块地里一年种稻谷
and wheat in the field the next year,you will harvest good crops.
第二年种小麦，你就会获得好收成。
Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants,
别的科学家说小麦栽培株距应当大些，
but Jia did experiments and showed that planting wheat close together is better.
然而。贾思勰作了实验，证明小麦种得密一点更好。
He also said that it is good to grow different plants
他也说种不同的植物效果好
next to each other in the same field.
在同一块地。
| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| variety | [və'raiəti] | |||
| arable | ['ærəbl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| wheat | [wi:t] | |||
| advanced | [əd'vɑ:nst] | |||
| environment | [in'vaiərənmənt] | |||
| produce | [prə'dju:s] | 联想记忆 | ||
| controlled | [kən'trəuld] | |||
| technique | [tek'ni:k] | |||
| plough | [plau] | |||
| genetically | [dʒe'netikəli] |
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