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Characteristics of burns
烧伤的特性：
First degree burns
一度烧伤：
dry, red and mildly swollen mildly painful turn white when pressed
干燥、发红、微肿 微痛 受压时变白
Second degree burns
二度烧伤：
rough, red and swollen blisters watery surface extremely painful
粗糙、发红、肿胀 起水泡 表层渗液 极其疼痛
Third degree burns
三度烧伤：
black and white and charred
黑、白和焦炭色相间
swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
肿胀，可看到皮下组织
little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.
若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，或者在创面四周有疼感。
First aid treatment
急救处理：
1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
1、除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉（必要时可用剪刀帮助）。
Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.
2、马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。
It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.
最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。
(The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling. )
（凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼痛，还可以减轻肿胀程度）。
Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。
3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.
3、对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。
For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water,
对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，
squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4 Dry the burned area gently.
4、轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，
Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。
5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.
5、用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，
Hold the bandage in place with tape.
用胶布把绷带固定。
Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
6、如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部，尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。
If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
7、如果属于二度或三度烧伤，就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。
