评论
打印
The first underground in the world
世界上第一列地铁
Welcome to the London Underground, or as it is usually known, The Tube.
欢迎来到伦敦地铁，或被普遍认知的The Tube。
It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.
它因是世界上最古老和最复杂的地铁而著名。
Rail services to London were first developed during the first half of the 19th century.
伦敦的火车服务最早开发于19世纪上半叶。
However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged to many old buildings.
然而，大多数去伦敦的火车只去城市边缘地带，因为在市内铺设地铁会损坏许多有旧建筑物。
Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.
马车，有轨电车，出租汽车和客车常用于城市中心周边的乘客运输。
Unfortunately, the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.
不幸地，道路上增加的车辆使交通阻塞，公路非常拥挤，大家哪也去不了。
This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.
交通的这些问题引领了地铁系统的发展。
In 1854, the British goverment gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London, between Paddington and Farringdon,
1854年，英国政府允许一家名为首都地铁公司在伦敦中心，Paddington和Farringdon之间，
via King's Cross, st Pancras and Euston.
经由King's Cross，st Pancras和Euston建设一条地下铁路。
However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860.
但是，新的火车需要发展，并且这个计划需要增加大量的金钱，所以挖掘工作延期到了1860年。
The intitial tunnels were opened in 1863 and were beneath the surface off the ground.
第一条隧道于1863年开放，而且它就仅仅在地表面之下。
Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.
运输乘客的客车没有窗子，这客车依靠蒸气机的动力在狭窄的隧道里穿梭。
In 1868, the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway.
1868年，首都地方铁路在伦敦南部开放了地铁的下一段。
Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city.
16年后，在1884年，首都铁路公司和首都地方铁路联手，在市中心开辟地铁服务。
This later became the Circle Line.
这成了之后的环线。
Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals,
由于蒸汽引擎冒出的烟，早起的地铁线需要洞周期性的有洞通向地面，
so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.
以便人们能呼吸道新鲜空气而不会被呛着。
