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Electronic Commerce over the Internet is a new concept. In recent years, it has become so broadly used that it is often left undifferentiated from other current trends which rely on automation, such as concurrent engineering and just in time manufacturing. Many companies, including CyberCash, Dig Cash, First Virtual, and Open Market had provided a variety of electronic commerce services.
通过Internet的电子商务是一个新概念。在近年，它已经被如此广泛的使用以至于它与当前依靠自动化的其他趋势无差别，例如程学和即时生产。很多公司，包括CyberCash、Dig Cash、First Virtua和Open Market已经提供多种电子商务服务。
If you have access to a personal computer (PC) and can connect to the Internet with a browser, you can do business online. No more worries about programming. No more searching for outdated catalogs as a customer or printing catalogs as a merchant. No more looking for phone numbers, paying long-distance to connect, or keeping the store open late into the evening. Just get on the Web, open an online store, and watch your business grow.
如果你有机会使用一部个人计算机并且能通过浏览连接上Internet，你就能在线做生意。不用再为编程担心。客户再也不用寻找过时的目录，而商家再也不用打印目录。再也不用查询电话号码，支付长途费用，或者很晚还开着商店。只要上网，开一家网上商店，就可以看你的生意增长。
The wired world of business, developed technology, human talent, and a new way of doing business make up today's growing worldwide economy. The backbone of this electronic commerce is the Internet. The wired world is not about technology, it is about information, decision making, and communication. The wired world is changing life for everyone, from the single household to the largest corporation. No business can afford to ignore the potential of a connected economy.
技术，人的才能，和新经营方式构成今天的日益增长的全球经济。电子商务的根基是 Internet。网络世界不仅仅是技术，它是关于信息、决策和交际的网。这个世界正在改变每个人的生活，从单个的家庭到大的公司。没有企业能忽视互联网经济的潜能。
Electronic commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services, and information via computer networks including the Internet. Kalakota and Whinston (1997) define EC from these perspectives:
电子商务作为新兴的概念，它描述广通过计算机网络（包括Internet)买卖或交换商品、服务与信息的过程。Kalakota 和 Whinston (1997)从以下角度定义了电子商务：
From a communications perspective, EC is the delivery of information, products/services, or payments over telephone lines, computer networks, or any other electronic means.
从通信角度看，电子商务是通过电话线路、计算机网络或其他电子方式传递信息、产品、服务或支付。
From a business process perspective, EC is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow.
从商务角度看，电子商务是为促使商务交易及工流程自动化而实施的技术成用。
From a service perspective, EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.
从服务角度看，电子商务是一种工具，用来帮助公司、消费者和管理者减少服务成本，提高产品质量，加快服务速度。
From an on-line perspective, EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the Internet and other on-line services.
从在线角度看，电子商务通过Internet及其联机服务，提供商品与信息的购买和销售。
The term commerce is viewed by some as transactions conducted between business partners. Therefore, the term electronic commerce seems to be fairly narrow to some people. Thus, many use the term e-business. It refers to a broader definition of EC, not just buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization. According to Lou Gerstner, IBM's CEO: "E-business is all about cycle time, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage."
人们将商务看作商业伙伴之间的交易行为。因此，对于某些人来说，电子商务的概念有些偏窄。所以许多人使用e-business —词，即广义的电子商务。广义的电子商务不仅涉及到买与卖，还包括对客户的服务，商业伙伴之间的合作以及企业组织内部的电子交易。 根据IBM公司首席执行官Lou Gerstner所言：“广义的电子商务是一个完整的周期，意味着高速度、全球化、增加产量、获得新的客户、共享竞争优势。”
Just like any other type of commerce, electronic commerce involves two parties: businesses and consumers. There are three basic types of electronic commerce.
正如任何其他类型商业一样，电子商务主要包含两个主体：企业和消费者。有三种基本的电子商务类型。
Business-to-Consumer (B2C): These are retailing transactions with individual shoppers. The typical shopper at Amazon.com is a consumer, or a customer. Oftentimes, this arrangement eliminates the middleman by providing manufacturers direct sales to customers. Other times, retail stores create a presence on the Web as another way to reach customers.
企业对消费者(B2C)：这是一种而向个体购物者的零售交易。诸如亚马逊网站的客户，就是典型的个体购物者。通常这种模式将产品直接销售给客户，免去了许多中间环节。另外，零售商通过Web站点和客户建立了另外一个通道。
Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C): This category involves individuals selling to individuals. This often takes the form of an electronic version of the classified ads or an auction. Goods are described and interested buyers contact sellers to negotiate prices. Unlike traditional sales via classified ads and auctions, buyers and sellers typically never meet face-to-face. Examples are individuals selling in classified ads and selling residential property, cars, and so on. Advertising personal services on the Internet and selling knowledge and expertise is another example of C2C. Several auction sites allow individuals to put items up for auctions. Finally, many individuals are using internal networks to advertise items for sale or service.
消费者对消费者(C2C)：在这一类型中消费者与消费者之间直接进行交易。经常采取分类广告或拍卖的电子形式，货物在网上展示吸引买方与卖方议价。与通过分类广告和拍卖的传统的销售不同，买方和卖方通常从未见过面。例如，个人在分类广告中销售房产或轿车等。在Internet上提供个人服务广告，进行专业性的咨询服务是C2C的另外一个例证。有几个拍卖网站提供个人的拍卖服务项目。最后，还有许多人通过内联网提供销售或服务的广告信息。
Business-to-Business (B2B): This category involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another. This is typically a manufacturer-supplier relationship. For example, a furniture manufacturer requires raw materials such as wood, paint, and varnish. In B2B electronic commerce, manufacturers electronically place orders with suppliers and many times payment is made electronically.
企业对企业（B2B)：在这一类型中涉及企业与企业之间进行产品和服务的交易。通常是一种制造商与供应者的关系。例如，一个家具制造商需要原料（例如木头，画，以及淸漆）。在企业对企业电子商务过程中，制造商以电子方式向供应商订购，很多次款项都以电子方式支付。
Many people think EC is just having a Web site, but EC is much more than that. There are dozens of applications of EC such as home banking, shopping in on-line stores and malls, buying stocks, finding a job, conducting an auction, and collaborating electronically on research and development projects. To execute these applications, it is necessary to have supporting information and organizational infrastructure and systems. EC applications are supported by infrastructures, and their implementation is dependent on four major areas: people, public policy, technical standards and protocols, and other organizations. The EC management coordinates the applications, infrastructures, and pillars.
很多人认为电子商务就是有一个网站，但是电子商务远不止于此。电子商务的应用很广，如家庭银行业务、在线商店和商业区的购物、买股票、找到一个工作、进行一次拍卖以及在网上合作研发项目等等。为了执行这些应用，有支持信息和机构化的基础结构和系统是必要的。基础设施支持电子商务成用，并且它们的实施依赖于四个主要方面：人民、国家政策、技术标准和协议以及其他组织。电子商务管理协调应用，基础设施和支柱。
