主要内容：

Different ways of organising information：
a) The storm blew Margaret’s roof off.
b) Margaret's roof was blown off in the storm.
c) Margaret had her roof blown off in the storm.
Information structure：Normal order
From “known” to “new” – from low to high information value
Examples：
I would like to talk about my best friend Jo.
1. He’s just got married to a very nice girl.
2. A very nice girl just got married to him.
A：I can’t find my clothes.
1. B: Well, your jacket is under my coat
2. B: Well, my coat’s on your jacket.
为了避免用全新信息开始一句话，我们可以使用there be句型: there – preparatory subject, 把真正的主语放在be后面
There’s a cat on the roof.
( more natural than: A cat’s on the roof.)
There’s ice on the lake.
(more natural than: Ice is on the lake.
格外注意there be句型的准确性！
There is a hole. vs. There has a hold.
There + all tenses of be
Once upon a time, there were three little pigs.
There has never been anyone like you.
There have been more Americans killed in road accidents than in all the wars since 1900.
There’ll be enough room for everybody.
There + modal verb
There might be drinks if you wait for a bit.
There must be somebody at home. Let’s ring again.
If the police hadn’t closed the road, there could have been a bad accident.
There + seem/appear/happen/tend to be
There seem to be some problems. (or seems?)
Hey, be quiet! There happens to be a lecture going on.
There tends to be jealousy when a new little brother or sister comes along.
There + other verbs (formal) – states or arrivals
There remains nothing more to be done.
There once lived a poor shoemaker.
Suddenly there entered a strange man dressed all in black.
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