手机APP下载

您现在的位置: 首页 > 口译笔译 > 上海高级口译 > 高级口译历年真题 > 正文

2012年3月高级口译上半场阅读理解第一篇原文

来源:唯途英语 编辑:melody   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet

本文内容为2012春季高口阅读上半场MC第一篇,原文出自businessweek,原文标题为MIT Professor Gives Language Lessons to Computers。

MIT Professor Gives Language Lessons to Computers
出自:http://www.businessweek.com

There’s a scene in the 2008 movie Iron Man where Tony Stark, the film’s inventor-superhero, threatens to donate one of his robots to a city college. You can tell by its cowed response that the computerized assistant understands the connotation is decidedly negative. In real life, software can’t yet comprehend that kind of abstract scolding. Programmers refer to such banter as “ natural language,” and it’s tricky for computers to get because of its ambiguity and dependence on context.

Regina Barzilay, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is trying to make computers better listeners by making them play Civilization, a 20-year-old strategy game in which players build a city into an empire by vanquishing and absorbing neighboring cultures. A member of MIT’s Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Barzilay, 40, developed a software program that begins with no grasp of the game. The computer “reads” the manual and then keeps returning to it while playing. As it races through thousands of simulations, the computer learns to connect words in the directions (“attack,” “build,” “capture,” and “revolt”) as the game unfolds.

The computer gets positive reinforcement—a higher score and a win—when it makes correct guesses about the meaning of words. When the computer loses, it traces back through its reading of the manual to see where its interpretation went wrong. A similar program without access to the manual won the game 46 percent of the time; after reading the instructions, Barzilay’s computer won 79 percent of the time.

Barzilay grew interested in natural-language processing in the early 1990s, as an undergraduate at Ben-Gurion University in Beersheba, Israel. She was inspired in part by her own experience as a young emigrant from Moldavia who had to learn Hebrew and English. Just as she struggled at first to understand the use of articles such as “the,” which have no equivalent in her native Russian, logic-based computers have difficulties with the inconsistencies of natural language.

Research like Barzilay’s may help computers eventually interact with humans in a more normal way. “You’d like to be able to ask for the largest state bordering New York and have it come back with the answer, ‘Pennsylvania,’” says Dan Roth, a computer science professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who does work similar to Barzilay’s. “And what happens inside the computer is none of your business.” Barzilay has been pushing this line of work forward, he says, in part by using a more interesting and complex game. She has a grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to help robots understand natural language, not unlike those in Iron Man. As she puts it: “I want to see the computer benefit directly from human knowledge, without having a person in the middle who does a translation.”

重点单词   查看全部解释    
reinforcement [.ri:in'fɔ:smənt]

想一想再看

n. 增强,加固,强化物,增援力量

 
manual ['mænjuəl]

想一想再看

adj. 手工的,体力的
n. 手册,指南,键

联想记忆
artificial [.ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]

想一想再看

adj. 人造的,虚伪的,武断的

联想记忆
interpretation [in.tə:pri'teiʃən]

想一想再看

n. 解释,阐释,翻译,(艺术的)演绎

 
dependence [di'pendəns]

想一想再看

n. 依赖,信赖,上瘾

联想记忆
abstract ['æbstrækt]

想一想再看

n. 摘要,抽象的东西
adj. 抽象的,理论

联想记忆
capture ['kæptʃə]

想一想再看

vt. 捕获,俘获,夺取,占领,迷住,(用照片等)留存<

联想记忆
institute ['institju:t]

想一想再看

n. 学会,学院,协会
vt. 创立,开始,制

联想记忆
grant [grɑ:nt]

想一想再看

n. 授予物,补助金; 同意,给予
n. 财产

 
scene [si:n]

想一想再看

n. 场,景,情景

 

发布评论我来说2句

    最新文章

    可可英语官方微信(微信号:ikekenet)

    每天向大家推送短小精悍的英语学习资料.

    添加方式1.扫描上方可可官方微信二维码。
    添加方式2.搜索微信号ikekenet添加即可。